JKioxKY] rONDlTION OK CIIKKOKEE IN 18(10 81 



of tile present \\';i\ iicsvillo and I Icndci'sonvillc. 'llicso cessions 

 included most or all of the lands from wliicli settlers had been ejected. 

 Permission was also given for layin<;' out the '•("umherland road." to 

 connect the east Tennessee settlements witli tliose about Nasiiville. In 

 consitleration of the lands and I'ights surrendered, the I'nited States 

 agreed to deliver to the Ciierokee five thousand dollai's in goods, and 

 to increase their existing amuiity by one thousand dollars, and as usual, 

 to "continue the guarantee of the remaindei' of their country forever."' ' 



Wayne's victor}^ over the northern tribes at the battle of the Mau- 

 mee rapids completely broke their power and compelled them to accept 

 the terms of peace dictated at the treat}' of Greenville in the summer 

 of 1795. The immediate result was the surrender of the Ohio river 

 boundary by the Indians and the withdrawal of the British garrisons 

 from the interior posts, which up to this time they had continued to 

 hold in spite of the treaty made at the close of the Revolution. By 

 the treaty made at ^Tadrid in October, 1795. Spain gave up all claim 

 on the east side of the Mississippi north of the thirty- -first parallel, but 

 on various pretexts the formal transfer of posts was delayed and a 

 Spanish garrison contiiuied to occupy San Fernando de Barrancas, at 

 the present Memphis, Tennessee, until the fall of 1797, while that at 

 Natchez, in Mississippi, was not surrendered until March, 1798. The 

 Creeks, seeing the trend of affairs, had made peace at Colerain, 

 Georgia, in June, 17!H). With the hostile European influence thus 

 eliminated, at least for the time, the warlike tribes on the north and 

 on the south crushed and dispirited and the Chickamauga towns wiped 

 out of existence, the Cherokee realized that they uuist accept the 

 situation and, after nearly twenty years of continuous warfare, laid 

 aside the tomahawk to cultivate the arts of peace and civilization. 



The close of the century found them still a compact people (the 

 westward movement having hardly yet begun) numbering probably 

 about 2(1,000 souls. After repeated cessions of large tracts of land, to 

 some of which the}* had but doubtful claim, they remained in recog- 

 nized possession of nearly 43,000 square miles of territory, a country 

 about (Mjual in extent to Ohio, Virginia, or Temiessee. Of this'terri- 

 tory about one-half was within the limits of Tennessee, the remainder 

 being almost equally divided between Geoi-gia and Alabama, witli a 

 small area in the extreme south westei-n corner of North C^arolina.'' 

 The old Lower towns on Savannah river had been broken up for 

 twenty years, and the whites had so far enca-oached upon the Upper 

 towns that the capital and council tire of the nation had been removed 

 from the ancient peace town of Echota to Ustanali, in Georgia. The 



■Indian Treaties, pp. 78-82. 183"; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 692-697, 1S53; Royee, Cherokee Nation 

 (witli map and full discussion). Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 174-183, 1888. 

 -'See tahle in Royee, op. cit., p. 378. 



19 KTii— 01 •; 



