MooNKY] EARLY WESTWARD EMIGRATION 99 



uiikiiowii. and tlio cliililrcii <t( such union were usuiiUy c()nip(>ll('(l by 

 race antipathy to cast their lot with the savage. 



Under such circuinstances the tril)es viewed the advance of tlie 

 English and their successors, tlie Americans, with keen distrust, and 

 as early as the close of the Frencli and Indian war we tind some of 

 them removing from the neigliborhood of the P^nglish settlements to 

 a safer shelter in the more remote tei-ritories still held hy Spain. Soon 

 after the French withdrew from Fort Toulouse, in IT'iH, a ])art of the 

 Alabama, an incorporated tribe of th(> Creek confederacy, left their 

 villages on the Coosa, and crossing the Mississippi, where they halted 

 for a time on its western bank, settled on the Sabine river under 

 Spanish protection.' They were followed some years later by a part 

 of the Koasati, of the same confederacy," the two tribes subsequently 

 drifting into Texas, where they now reside. The Hichitee and others 

 of the Lower Creeks moved down into Spanish Floi-ida. where the 

 Yamassee exiles from South Carolina had long before ])receded them, 

 the two combining to form the modern Seminole tribe. A\'hen the 

 Revolution lirought al>out a new line of division, the native tribes, 

 almost without exception, joined sides with Fngland as against the 

 Americans, with the result that about one-half the Iroquois fled to 

 Canada, where they still reside upon lands granted by the British gov- 

 ernment. A short time before Wayne's victoiy a part of the Shawano 

 and Delawares, worn out by nearly twenty years of battle with the 

 Amei-icans. crossed the Mississippi and settled, by permission of the 

 Spanish government, upon lands in the vicinity of Cape Girardeau, in 

 what is now southeastern Missouri, for which they obtained a regular 

 deed from that government in 1793.'' Driven out l»y the Am(>ricans 

 some twenty yeai"s later, they removed to Kansas and thence to Indian 

 territory, where they are now incorporated with their old friends, the 

 Cherokee. 



AVhen the tirst Cherokee crossed the Mississippi it is impossible to 

 say. but there was probably never a time in the history of the tribe 

 when their warriors and hunters were not accustomed to make excur- 

 sions beyond the great river. According to an old tradition, the 

 earliest emigration took place soon after the first treaty with Carolina, 

 when a portion of the ti'ibe. under the leadei'ship of Yunwi-usga'siVtl, 

 "Dangerous-man," forseeing the inevitable end of yielding to the 

 demands of the colonists, refu.sed to have any relations with the white 

 man. and took up their long march for th(> unknown West. Coiiunu- 

 lucation was kept up with the home body until after c-rossing the 

 Mississippi, when they were lost sight of and forgotten. Long 3'ears 



• Claiborne, letter to Jefferson, November 5, 1808, American State Papers, i, p. 755, 1832; Gatschet, 

 Creek Migrntion Legend, i. p. 88, l>m. 

 = Hawl!ins. 17'J'J, iiuoleil in Giitschet, op. cit.. p. 89. 

 'See Treaty of St Louis, 1825, and of Castor hill, 1852, in Indian Treaties, pp. 388, 539, 1837. 



