m6oney] 



TREATY OF NEW ECHUTA 1835 123 



titic lUiUiusoripts. Tlio niitioniil pjiper. the Cherokee P/io'ru'.i; hiid Ikmmi 

 supprosjsecl iiiid its otlii'i' phiiit soizod by the same guard a few days 

 before.' Thus in their greatest need the Cherokee were deprived of 

 the help and counsid of tlieii' teachers, their national ])ri'ss. and their 

 chief. 



Although for two months threats and inducements had l)een held 

 out to secure a full attendance at the December conference at \cw 

 Echota. there were pi'cscnt when the proceedings opened, according 

 to the report of Schcrmcrhom himself, only from three hundred to 

 five hundred men. women, and children, out of a population of over 

 17,000. Notwithstanding the paucity of attendance and the absence 

 of the principal officers of the Nation, a committee was appointed to 

 arrange the details of a treaty, which was finally drawn up and 

 signed on December 2'.i. 1S35.'- 



Briefly stated, by this treaty of New Echota, Georgia, the Cherokee 

 Nation ceded to the United States its whole remaining territory east 

 of the Mississippi for the sum of five million dollars and a couunon 

 joint interest in the territory already occupied by the western Chei'o- 

 kee. in what is now Indian Territory, with an additional smaller tract 

 adjoining on the northeast, in what is now Kansas. ImproveuuMits 

 were to be paid for, and tiie Indians were to be removed at the expense 

 of the United States and sul)sisted at the expense of the Government 

 for one year after their arrival in the new country. The removal was 

 to take place within two years from the ratification of the treaty. 



On the strong representations of the Cherokee signers, who would 

 probably not have signed otherwise even then, it was agreed that a 

 limited number of Cherokee who should desire to remain l)ehind in 

 North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama, and become citizens, having 

 first been adjudged "qualified or calculated to become useful citizens," 

 might so remain, together with a few holding individual reservations 

 under former treaties. This provision was allowed by the connuis- 

 sioncrs, but was afterward struck out on the announcement by I'resi- 

 dent Jackson of his determination ''not to allow any preemptions or 

 reservations, his desire being that the whole Cherokee people siiould 

 remove together. " 



Provision was made alsd for tiie payment of debts due by th(^ Indians 

 out of any moneys coming to tiiem under the treaty; for the reestab- 

 lishment of the missions in the ^Vest•, for pensions to Cherok(>e 

 wounded in the servi('e of the govei'nmcnt in the war of 1812 and the 

 Creek war; for permission to establish in the new country such military 

 posts and roads for the use of tlu' I'nited States as should be deemed 

 necessary-; for satisfying Osage claims in the western territory and 



'Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit. (Ross arrest), p. 281; Drake, Indians (Ross, Payne, Phoenix), 

 p. 4.'j9, 1880; see also Everett speeeli of May 31, 1838, op. cit. 

 2 Royce, op. cit., pp. 281,282; see also Everett speech, 1838. 



