Moo.NEY] TKOUBLES WITH OSAGE 1817-22 137 



had removed from his old homo :it the mouth of Iliwassec. in Ten- 

 nosseo. in ISIS.' 



In the .spring of IS Itt Thomas Nnttuli. the naturalist, ascended the 

 Arkansas, and he ofives an interesting account of the western Cherokee 

 as he found them at the time. I ii going up the stream, "both banks of 

 tiie I'iver. as we jjroceeiU'd. wei-e lined with the houses and farms of 

 tiie Cherokee, and thougii their dress was a mixture of indigenous 

 and European taste, yet in their houses, which are decently furnished, 

 and in their farms, which were well fenced and stocked with cattle, we 

 peireive a happy approach toward civilization. Their numerous fami- 

 lies, also, well fed and clothed, argue a propitious progress in their 

 population. Their superior industrv either as hunters or farmers 

 ]>roves the value of property among them, and they are no longer 

 strangers to avarice and the distinctions created by wealth. Some of 

 thcni are possessed of property to the amount of many thousands of 

 dollars, have houses handsomely and conveniently furnished, and their 

 tal)les spread with our dainties and luxuries." He mentions an engage- 

 ment some time before l)etween them and the Osage, in which the 

 Cherokee had killed nearly one hundred of the Osage. l)esides taking 

 a luunber of prisoners. He estimates them at about tifteen hundred, 

 being about half the number estimated by the eastern Nation as hav- 

 ing (Muigi'ated to the West, and only one-fourth of the official estimate. 

 A few Delawares were living with them.' 



The Osage troubles continued in s|)itt> of a treaty of peace between 

 the two tribes made at a council held under the direction of Governor 

 Clark at St. Louis, in October. ISls.^ Warriors from the eastern 

 Cherokee were accustomed to make the long journey to the Arkansas 

 to assist their western brethren, and returned with scalps and captives.* 



In the .summer of l.s^n a second ert'ort for peace was made by Gov- 

 ernor Miller of Arkansas territory. In reply to his talk the Osage 

 complained that the Chei'ok(>e had failed to deliver their Osage cap- 

 tives as stii)ulated in the jjrevious agivement at St. Louis. This, it 

 appears, was du(> in pai-t to the fact that some of these captives had 

 l)een cari'led to the eastern Chei'okee. and a messenger was accordingly 

 dispatciied to secure and l)ring them hack. Another peace conference 

 was held soon afterward at Fort Smith. l)ut to very little pui'pose, as 

 hostilities were soon resumed and continued until the United States 

 actively interposed in the fall of 1S22.' 



In this vear also .Se(iuova \isited the western Cherokee to introduce 



' Nuttall, Journal of Travels into the .Vrkansas Territory, etc., p. r29; Philadelphia, 1H21. 



^Ibirl., pp. 123-136. The battle mentioned seems to l>e the s*ime noted somewhat differently by 

 Washburn, Reminiscences, p. 120. 1869. 



*Royee, Cherokee Nation, op. cit.. p. 222. 



'Washburn, op. cit,, p. KiO. ami jiersonal information from .1. I>. Waflord. 



'Royce, op. cit., pp. 242, 213; Washburn, op. cit., pp. 112-122 et pa.s.sim; see also sketches of Tahehej 

 and Tooantuh or .Spring-froj;, in McKenney and Hall, Indian Tribes, i and ii, 18.%. 



