siooNEY] SCALPING LOWKK CHEROKEK REFUGEES '2()d 



met disaster. He discovered and shot a solitary luinter, wlio was afterward seali>e<l 

 by the chaplain of the party, but tlie Indian manajred to kill Lovewell before 

 beina overpowered, on which the whites withdrew, but were pursueil bv the tribe.s- 

 men of the slain hunter, with the result that but sixteen of them fjot home alive. 

 A famous old lialUid of the time tells liow 



■"Our worthy Captain Lovewell anions; them there did die. 

 They killed l.,ieutenant Kobbins and wounded good young Frye, 

 Who was our F.uglish chaplain; he many Indians slew, 

 And some of them lie scalped when bullets round liiui flew." 



When the mission village of Norridgewoek was attacked by the New England men 

 aViout the same time, women and children were made to suffer the fate of the war- 

 riors. Tile scholarly missionary, Kasle.s, author of the Abnaki Dictionary, was shot 

 do«ii at the foot of the cross, where he was afterward found with his bodx- riddled 

 with balls, his skull crushed and scalped, his mouth and eyes filled with earth, his 

 limlis broken, and all his members mutilated — and this by white men. The border 

 men of the Revnlutionar}' pi-riod and later invariably scalped slain Indians as often 

 as opportunity permitted, and, a.s has already been shown, both British and American 

 officials encouraged the practice by offers of bounties and rew'ards, even, in the case 

 of the former, when the scalps were those of white people. Our difficulties with the 

 Apache date from a treacherous massacre of them in 1836 by a party of American 

 scalp hunters in the pay of the governor of Sonora. The bounty offered was one 

 ounce of gold per scalp. In 1864 the Colorado .militia under Colonel Chivington 

 attacked a party of Cheyennes camped inider the protection of the I'uited States 

 flag, and killed, mutilated, and scalped 170 men, women, and children, bringing the 

 scalps into Denver, where they were paraded in a pul)lic hall. One Lieutenant 

 Richmond killed and scalped three women and five children. Scalps were taken by 

 American troops in the Modoc war of 1873, and there is now living in the Comanche 

 tribe a woman who was scalped, though not mortally wounded, by white soldiers in 

 one of the later Indian encounters in Texa-s. Authorities: Drake, Indians (f<ir New 

 England wai-s); Roosevelt, Virginia State Papers, etc. (Revolution, etch Bancroft, 

 Pacific States (Apache); Official Report on the Condition of the Indian Trilie.s, 

 1867 (for Chivington episode ); author's pensonal information. 



(22) LowKR Cherokek heki(;ees (p. .1.5): "In every hut I have visited I find the 

 children exceedingly alarmed at the sight of white men, and here [at Willstown] a 

 little boy of eight years old was excessively alarmed and could not be kejit from 

 screaming out until he got out of the door, and then he ran and hid himself; but as 

 soon as I can converse with them and they are informed who I am they execute any 

 order I givc^ them with eagerness. I ini|uired particularly of the mothers what could 

 be the rea.son for this. They said, this town was the remains of several towns who 

 [.?(■(■] formerly resided on Tugalo and Keowee, and had been much harassed by the 

 whites; that the old peo[)le remembered their former situation and suffering, and fre- 

 (juently spoke of them; that these tales were listened to by the children, and made an 

 impression which showed it.self in the maimer I had observed. The w'omen told 

 me, who I saw gathering nuts, that they had sensations upon my coming to the 

 camp, in the highest degree alarming to theui, and when I lit from my horse, took 

 them by the hand, and spoke to them, they at first could not reply, although one of 

 them understood and spoke English very well." — Hawkins, manuscriiit journal, 

 1796, in library of tieorgia Historical Society. 



(23) Genek.vl ALEXAsnEK McCiii.i.iVH.w (p. 56): This famous Creek chieftain, 

 like so many distinguished men of the southern tribes, wasof mixed blood, being the 

 son of a Scotch trader, Lachlan Mc( iillivray, by a halfbreed woman of influential 

 family, whose father was a French officer of Fort Toulouse. The future chief was 

 born in the Creek Nation about 174(), and died at Pensacola, Florida, in 1793. He 



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