MooNEY] THE CATAWHA 381 



their progress disputed ])V the Cherokee, who ekuiuetl origiiiul owner- 

 ship of the country. A battle was fought, with incredible loss on 

 l)oth sides, but with no decisive I'esult, although the adviintage was 

 with the Catawba, on account of their having guns, while their oppo- 

 nents had only Indian \veapons. Preparations were under way to 

 renew the light when the C-herokee otl'ered to recognize tlie river as 

 the boundary, allowing the Catawba to settle anywhere to the east. 

 The overture was accepted and an agreement was iinally made by which 

 the Catawba were to occupy the country east of that river and the 

 Cherokee the country west of Broad river, with the region between 

 the two streams to remain as neutral territory. Stone piles were 

 heaped up on the battlefield to commemorate the treaty, and the Broad 

 river was henceforth called Eswau Huppeday (Line river), by the 

 Catawba, the country eastward to Catawba river being left unoccupied.' 

 The fact that one party had guns would bring this event within the 

 early historic period. 



The Catawba assisted the whites against the Cherokee in the war 

 of 1760 and in the later Kevolutionary struggle. About lUO war- 

 riors, nearlj' the whole fighting strength of the tribe, took part in 

 the first-mentioned war, several being killed, and a smaller number 

 accompanied Williamson's force in 1776.- At the battle fought und(M- 

 Williamson near the present site of Franklin, North Carolina, the 

 Cherokee, according to the tradition related by Wafl'ord, mistook the 

 Catawba allies of the troops for some of their own warriors, and were 

 fighting for some time under this impression before thev noticed that 

 the Catawba wore deer tails in their hair so that the whites might not 

 make the same mistake. In this engagement, which was one of the 

 bloodiest Indian encounters of the Revolution, the Cherokee claim 

 that they had actually defeated the troops and their Catawl)a allies, 

 when their own annnunition gave out and they were consecjuently 

 forced to retire. The Cherokee leader was a noted war chief named 

 Tsani (John). 



About 1840 nearly the whole Catawba tribe moved up from South 

 Carolina and joined the eastern band of Cherokee, but in consequiMice 

 of tribal jealousies they remained but a short time, and afterward 

 returned to their former home, as is related elsewhere. 



Other tribal names (of doubtful authority) are Ani'-Sa'iu and .Vni'- 

 Sawahil'ni, ))elonging to people said to have lived toward the north; 

 both names are perhaps intended for the Shawano or Shawnee, prop- 

 erly Ani'-Sawanu'gi. The Ani'-Gili' are said to have been neighbors 

 of the Anin'tsi or Natchez; the name may possibly be a Cherokee form 

 for Congaree. 



'Catawba MS from South Carolina oflieial arohivi's. Si-hoolcrafl, Imliiiii Trilu-^, in,i>|>.'.'y:!-l,18.T;!. 

 2 Ibid., p. 294, 1853. 



