MOONKY] NOTKS AND I'AKALLKLS 445 



yeai't* befurr. The inciiU'iit ni tlic il:iiii-iii<r ski-lctoiis is not friven l>y Schocilc-ratt, 

 and seeniii tn iiKlicate a lost sequel to the story. Haywood (Nat. and Aborig. 

 Hist. Tenn., p. Kil ) mentions the Cherokee deluge myth and conjectures that the 

 petroglyplis at T^i-ack Kock gap in <ieorgia may have some reference to it. The ver- 

 sions given by the missionaries Buttrick and AV'ashliuru are simply the Bible narrative 

 as told liy the Indians. Wa-slburn's informant, however, accounted for the phe- 

 nomenon l>y an upheaval and tilting of the earth, so that the waters for a time over- 

 flowed the inhabited part.s (Keniiniscences, pp. 196-li)7). In a variant related by 

 Hagar(MS Stellar Legends of the ('herokee) a star with tiery tail falls from heaven 

 and becomes a man with longhair, who warns the i)eople of the coming deluge. 



It is not in pla<'e here to (•nter into a discussion of the meaning and universality of 

 the deluge myth, for an explanation of which the reader is referred to Bouton's Bible 

 Myths and Bible Folklore.' SufHce it to say that such a myth api>ears to have 

 existed with every )>eople and in every age. Among the American tribes with which 

 it was founil Brinton enumerates the Athapascan, Algonquian, Iroquois, Cherokee, 

 Chicka.-'aw, Caddo, Natchez, Dakota, Apache, Navaho, .Mandan, Pueblo, Aztec, Mixtee, 

 Zapotei-, Tlasealan, Michoacan, Toltec, Maya, Quiche, Haitian, Darien, I'opayan, 

 Muysca, Quichua, Tui>inamba, Achagua, Auraucanian. "and doubtless others."^ It 

 is found also along the Northwest coast, was known about Albemarle souml, and, as 

 has been said, was ])r()l)al)ly coimnon to all the tribes. 



In one Creek version the warning is given by wolves: in another by cnuies ("see 

 Bouton, cited above) . 



15. The four-footed tribes (p. 261): No cxxciUlul (liffrreiici — "I have often 

 reflected on the curious connexion which appears to subsist in the mind of an 

 Indian between man and the brute creation, and found much matter in it for curious 

 observation. Although thi'V consider themselves superior to all other animals and 

 are very proud of that superiority; altliough they Ijelieve that the beasts of the 

 forest, the birds of the air, and the fishes of the waters were created 1)}' the Almighty 

 Being for the use of man; yet it seems as if they ascribe the difference between them- 

 selves and the brute kind, and the dominioti which they have over them, more to 

 their superior bodily strength and dexterity than to their immortal souls. All being 

 endowed by the Creator with the power of volition and self motion, they view in a 

 manner as a great society of which they are the head, whom they are appointed, 

 indeed, to govern, but between whom and themselves intimate ties of connexion 

 and relationship may exist, or at least did exist in the beginning of time. They are, 

 in fact, according to their opinions, only the first among equals, the legitimate 

 hereditary sovereigns of the whole animated race, of which they are themselves a 

 constituent part. Hence, in their languages, these inflections of their nouns, which 

 we call yenders, are not, as with us, descriptive of the mfixriilhie a,nd ffmiiiiiic species, 

 but of the animate and inanimate kinds. Indeed, they go so far as to include trees, 

 and ]ilants within the first of these de.scriptions. All animated nature, in whatever 

 degree, is in their eyes a great whole from which they have not yet ventured to 

 separate themselves. They do not exclude other animals fnmi their world of spirits, 

 thi! place to which they expect to go after death."' 



According to the Ojibwa the animals formerly had the faculty of speech, until it 

 was taken from them by Nanibojou as a punishment for having conspired against 

 the human race.' 



Animal chiefs and cininmh — In Pawnee belief, according to Grinnell, the animals, 



1 J. W. Bouton, Bililc Myths aiifl their Parallels in Other Religions; 2<I chI., New York. lss;i: Bible 

 Folklore, \ Study in Comparative Mythology: New York, l.ssi. 



2The Myths of the New World, A Treatise on the Symbolism and Mythology of the Bed Kaee of 

 America; 3d ed., Philadelphia, 18%. 



^ Heekewelder. Indian Nations, p. 'i.M, ed. ts7i;. 



•Henry, Travels and Adventures in Canada, etc., ))p. 2l2-'Jl:i, .New York, 1809. 



