Moo.N-EY] NOTES AND PAKALLKLS 483 



Tinklnitj of the hells — Among the southern tribes in th(> old flays the approach of a 

 trader's cavalcade along the trail was always heralded by the jingling of bells hung 

 about the necks of the horses, somewhat in the manner of our own winter sleighing 

 parties. Among the plains tribes the children's jionies are always equipjx'd with 

 collars of sleigh bells. 



In his description of a trader's pack-train before the Revolutinn, Bartram says 

 (Travels, p. 439) : "Every liorse has a bell on, which being stopped, when we start in 

 the morning, with a twist of grass or leaves, soon shakes out, and they are never 

 stopped again during the day. The constant ringing and clattering of the bells, 

 smacking of the whips, whooping and too frequent cursing these miserable quadru- 

 peds, cause an incessant uproar and confusion inexpressibly disagreeable." 



87. The water cannibals (p. 349): This story was fibtained from Swinuner and 

 contains several jioints of resemblance to other Cherokee myths. The idea of the 

 spirit changeling is common to European fairy lore. 



TthwaWtsI — This town, called by the whites Tuckalechee, was on Tuckasegee river, 

 at the present Bryson City, in Swain county. North Carolina, where traces of the 

 mound can still be seen on the south side of the river. 



Afraid of the v^ldies — See number 120, "The Raven Mocker," and notes. 



88. First cont.\ct with whites (p, 350). The story of the jug of whisky left near 

 a spring was heard first from Swimmer; the ulunsu'tl story from Wafford; the loco- 

 motive story from David Blytlie. Each was afterward confirmed from other sources. 



The story of the book and the bow, quoted from the Cherokee Advocate of 

 October 26, 1844, was not heard on the reservation, but is mentioned by other authori- 

 ties. According to an old Cherokee quoted by Buttrick, " God gave the red man a book 

 and a paper and told him to write, but he merely made marks on the paper, and as he 

 could not read or write, the Lord gave him a bow and arrows, and gave the book 

 to the white man." Boudinot, in "A Star in the AVest," ^ quoted by the same 

 author, says: "They have it handed down from their ancestors, tliatthe book which 

 the white jieople have was once theirs; that while they had it they pro.spered exceed- 

 ingl}-; but that the white people bought it of them and learned many things from it, 

 while the Indians lost credit, offended the Great Spirit, and suffered exceedingly 

 from the neighboring nations; that the Great Spirit took pity on them and directed 

 them to this country," etc. It is simply another version of the common tale of deca- 

 dent nations, "We were once as great as you." 



89. The Iroquois wars (p. 351 ) : Tlie TroquoiK league — The Iroquois league consisted 

 originally of a confederacy of five kindred tribes, the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, 

 Cayuga, and Seneca, in what is now the state of New York; to these were added the 

 cognate Tuscarora after their expulsion from Carolina about 1715. The name Iro- 

 quois, by which they were known to the French, is supposed to be a derivative 

 from some Indian term. To the English the\' were known as the Five, afterward the 

 Six Nations. They called them.selves by a name commonly spelt Ilodenosauncc, and 

 interpreted "People of the Long House." Of this symbolic long house the Afohawk 

 guarded the eastern door, while the Seneca protected the western. Tlieir remarkable 

 governmental and clan system is still well preserved, each tribe, except the Mohawk 

 and Oneida, having eight clans, arranged in two groups or phratries. The Mohawk 

 and Oneida are said to have now but three clans apiece, probably because of their 

 losses by withdrawals to the French missions. The Seneca clans, which are nearly 

 the same for the other tribes, are the Wolf, Bear, Turtle, Beaver, Deer, Snipe, 

 Heron, and Hawk. The confederacy is supposed to have been formed about the 

 middle of the sixteenth century, and by 1680 the Iroquois had conquered and 

 destroyed or incorporated all the surrounding tribes, and liad asserted a paramount 



I Dr Elia.s Boudinot, .\ Star in the West, or a Humble Attempt to Discover the Long Lost Ten Tribes 

 of Israel, Preparatory to Their Return to Their Beloved City, Jerusalem; Trenton, N. J., 1816. 



