MOONKY] NOTES AND I'AKALLKI^S 485 



7,700 Iroquois living on the reservations in New York, Wisconsin, and Indian 

 Territory, an increase within these limits of 527 in nine years. Assuniiiif; the same 

 rate of increase in Pennsylvania and on the Canada side, the whole numher of 

 Iroquois to-day would he approximately 17,000. For detailed information see 

 Colden, History of the Five Nations; Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois; Morgan, 

 League of the Hodenosauueo or Iroquois; Parkinan's works; reports of the conunis- 

 sioners of Indian affairs for hoth tlie United States and Canada, and tlie excellent 

 report on "The Six Nations of New York," by Donaldson and Carrington, con- 

 tained in an extra bulletin of the Eleventh Census of the United States. 



Seneca (own, S'onlh CaroVum — The statement given by Schoolcraft ( Notes on Iroquois, 

 161), on the authority of Calhoun, that the Seneca once lived at Seneca town, in 

 South Carolina, has probably no foundation in fact, the story having evidently arisen 

 from a supposed similarity of name. The Cherokee call it I'siVnif/iV, and do not con- 

 nect it in any way with A-Sf^iiika or AnI'-Si-'nib'i, their name for the northern tribe. 



The Clierokee var — The Iroquois story of the war between themselves and the Chero- 

 kee is from Schoolcraft, Notes on Iroquois, pages 252 and 256. 



Five daijs' journey — This statement is on Morgan's authority, but the distance was 

 certainly greater, unless we are to understand only the distance that separated their 

 extreme accustomed hunting ranges, not that between the permanent settlements of 

 the two peoples. 



Tlie Ten7iessee rirer hutindary — The statement from Morgan (League of the Iroquois, 

 p. 337) in regard to the truce line established at Tennessee river seems to find con- 

 firmation in incidental references in early documents. Boundaries beyond which 

 war parties might not go, or neutral grounds where hereditary enemies met in peace, 

 were a regular institution in ancient Indian society, the most notable instance being 

 perhaps the famous pipestone quarry in Minnesota. Notwithstanrting the claim of 

 the Iroquois, backed by Sir William Johnson, to all the country north of tlie Ten- 

 nessee river, it is very plain from history and the treaties that the Cherokee asserted 

 a more or less valid claim as fai- north as the Ohio. Their actual settlements, how- 

 ever, were all south of the main Tennessee. 



The Buffalo dance — The origin ascribed to the Buffalo dance of the Iroquois (Mor- 

 gan, League of the Iroquois, p. 287) is in agreement with the common Indian idea, 

 according to which dances named from animals are performed in imitation of the 

 peculiar actions and cries of these animals, or in obedience to supposed commands 

 from the ruling spirit animals. 



The peace emhasny — The story of the proposed intertribal alliance, with the state- 

 ments as to Cherokee captives among the Seneca, are from Schook^raft (Notes on 

 Iroquois, pp. 158, 252, 257) . The records of the conference at Johnson Hall in 17i)8 

 are published in the New Yoi-k Colonial Documents. The account of the Iroquois 

 peace embassy to Echota was given to Wafford by two eyewitnesses, one of whom 

 was his mother's cousin, Sequoya. As the old man said, "Sequoya told nie all about 

 it." As stated in the narrative, Wafford himself had also seen the belts brought out 

 and explained in a great intertribal council at Tahlequah. By common tribal cus- 

 tom ambassadors of peace were secure from molestation, whatever might be the result 

 of the negotiations, although, as among more civilized nations, this rule was some- 

 times violated. A('cording to tradition, the ancient peace pipe of the Cherokee, and 

 probabh' of other eastern tribes, was of white stone, white being the universal peace 

 color. The red stone pipe of the Sioux was also used in peace ceremonials, from the 

 peculiar sacredness attached to it among the western tribes. 



The accuracy of Wafford's statement from memory in 1891 is strikingly confirmed 

 by a contemporary ac'count of the great intertribal council at Tahlequah in 1843, l)y 

 the artist, Stanley, who was present and painted a numlier of portraits on that 

 occasion. The council was conveneii by John Ross in June and remained in session 

 four weeks, some ten thousand Indians being in attendance, representing seventeen 



