MOONEY] 



NOTES AND PARALLELS 499 



orSliawaiio. The Muscogee, AIuIkuhh, Koa.^ati, llichitce, ami Taskigi (?) belonged to 

 the Mii.-khngi'an stix'k, the Alaliaina and Koasati, liciwever, being nearer linguistically 

 to the ("hiictaw than to the Musi-ogee. The Hirhitee represent the eonquered or 

 otherwise ineorporated Muskhogean tribes of the Georgia coast region. The Apa- 

 lachi on Appalachee bay in Florida, who were conquered by the English about 1705 

 and afterward incorporated vvith the Creeks, were dialectically closely akin to the 

 Hichitee; the Seminole also were largely an offshoot from this tril)e. Of the Ta.skigi 

 all that is known has been told elsewhere {.see number 105). 



The Uchee, Natchee, and Sawanugi, were incorporated tribes, differing radically in 

 language from each other and from the INIuskhogean tribes. The territory of the 

 Uchee included both banks of the middle Savannah, below the Cherokee, and 

 extended into middle Georgia. They had a strong race pride, claiming to be older 

 in the country than the Muscogee, and are probably identical with the people of 

 Cofltachiqui, mentioned in the early Spanish narratives. According to Hawkins, 

 their incorporation with the Creeks was brought about in consequence of intermar- 

 riages about the year 1729. The Natchee or Natchez were an important tribe residing 

 in lower ilississippi, in the vicinity of the present town of that name, until driven 

 out by the French about the year 1730, when most of them took refuge with the 

 Creeks, while others joined the (Chickasaw and Cherokee. The Sawanugi were 

 Shawano who kei)t their town on Savannah river, near the present .\ugusta, after 

 the main body of their trilje had removed to the north about 1692. They probably 

 joined the Creeks about the same time as their friends, the Uchee. The Uc^hee still 

 constitute a compact body of about 600 souls in the Creek Nation, keeping up their 

 distinct language and tribal character. The Natchee are reduced to one or two old 

 men, while the Sawanugi have probably lost their identity long ago. 



According to Morgan, the Muscogee proper, and perhaps also their incorporated 

 tribes, have 22 clans. Of these tlie AVind appears to be the leading one, possessing 

 privileges accorded to no other clan, including the hereditary guardianship of the 

 ancient metal tablets which constitute the )>alladium of the tribe. By the treaty of 

 Washington in 18.32, the Creeks solil all of their remaining lands in their old country 

 and agreed to remove west of the Mississippi to what is now' the Creek Nation in the 

 Indian Territory. The removal extended over a period of several years and was not 

 finally accomplished until 1845. In 1898 the citizen population of the Creek Nation 

 numbereil 14,771, of whom 10,014 were of Indian blood and the remainder were 

 negroes, their former slaves. It appears that the Indian population included about 

 700 from othertribes, chiefly Cherokee. There are alsoabout 300 Alabama, "Cushatta" 

 (Koa.sati), and Muscogee in Texas. See also Hawkins, Sketch of the Creek Country; 

 Gatschet, Creek Migration Legend; -Adair, History of the American Indians; Bart- 

 ram, Travels; The Five Civilized Tribes, Bulletin of the Eleventh Census; Wyman, 

 in Alabama Historical Society Collections. 



Chickasaw — This tribe, of Muskhogean stock, formerly occupied northern Missis- 

 sippi and adjacent portions of Alabama and Tennessee, and at an early period had 

 incorporated also .several smaller trilies on Yazoo river in central JMississipjii, chief 

 among which were the cognate Chokchuma. The name occurs tirst in the De Soto 

 narrative. The Chickasaw language was simply a dialect of Choctaw, although the 

 two tribes were hereditary enemies and differed widely in character, the former being 

 active and warlikei while the latter were notoriously sluggish. Throughout the 

 colonial period the Chickasaw were the constant enemies of the F'rench and friends 

 of the English, but they remained neutral in the Revolution. By tlie treaty of 

 Pontotoc in 1832 they sold their lands east of the Mississippi and agreed to remove 

 to Indian Territory, where they are now organized as the Chickasaw Nation. 

 According to Morgan they have 12 clans grouped into two phratries. In 1890, 

 the citizen population of the Nation (under Chicka.saw laws) consisted of 3,941 full- 

 blood and mixed-blood Chickasaw, 681 adopted whites, 131 adopted negroes, and 946 



