Miscellaneous. 211 



lum and shoulder a small granuliform crest ; body beneath 

 covered with a long brownish-fulvous pubescence, but whitish 

 on the metasternum ; femora darkish but fading to a pale 

 colour on the tibiae and tarsi ; antennge fulvous brown, base of 

 all the joints, from the third inclusive, paler. Length 14 

 lines. 



In the same Proceedings, ?. c, I proposed Opepharus as a 

 generic name for 3fonochamus tridentatus^ Chev.* {signatory 

 Pasc), differing from Anthores in its longer antennas in the 

 male (twice as long as the body), with the last joint subulate, 

 the elytra strongly crested at the base, the fore legs of the 

 male longer and more robust than the others, and the meta- 

 sternum not elongate. M. asjjeruhis, White f, should be re- 

 fen-ed to the same genus. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



On the Marine Forms of Crustacea ivhich inhalnt the Fresh Waters of 

 Southern Europe. By Prof. Heller. 



EvEEY ONE knows the curious discoveries made by Prof. Loven upon 

 the presence in the Weneru and Wetter lakes of animals identical 

 with species belonging to the Frozen Ocean. The Swedish naturaHst 

 has adduced this identity as evidence in favour of the union of these 

 lakes with the sea at a period anterior to history. These discoveries 

 directed attention to the fauna of the lakes situated south of the 

 Alps. As early as 1857, E. von Martens described a series of fishes 

 and Crustacea which, although Uving in various ItaHan lakes, pre- 

 sent the characters of Mediterranean species J. Such are, amongst 

 fishes, Bhnnius vulgaris, Pall., from the lakes of Garda and Albano, 

 Atherina lacustris, Bon., from the lakes of Albano and Nemi, and, 

 lastly, Gobius fluviatilis, Bon., from the lake of Garda and the neigh- 

 bourhood of Padua, — and amongst the Crustacea, Palcemon lacustris, 

 Mart., from the lake of Albano, TJielpJiusa fluviatilis, Latr., from 

 the lakes of Albano and Ncmi, and, lastly, Sphceroma fossarum, 

 Mart., from the Pontine Marshes. These facts have already been 

 employed by M. Sartorius von Waltershausen in his investigation of 

 the chmates of the present and of former periods. This savant en- 

 deavours to estabUsh that the lakes situated south of the Alps were 

 formerly in communication with the sea, and are only the remains 

 of ancient fiords. Geological changes, by separating them from the 

 sea, converted them into basins of brackish water, which were gra- 

 dually deprived of their salt, with a rapidity differiug according to 

 the abundance of river-water flowing into them. These lacustrine 



* Silbermaim's Rev. i. No. 9, pi. 7. 

 t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 411. 

 \ See * Annals,' ser. 3. vol. i. p. 50. 



