On the Rhizopodal Fauna of the Deep Sea. 289 



rectilineal series, each having a central orifice prolonged into a short 

 tube. The genus Astrorhiza, instituted a few years ago by Dr. O. 

 Sandahl, was represented by a wide range of forms, referable to two 

 principal types (the one an oblate spheroid, with irregular radiating 

 prolongations, the other more resembling a stag's horn, with numerous 

 digitations), passing into one another by insensible gradations. The 

 composition of its thick arenaceous test is exactly the same as that 

 of the test of the Lituola found on the same bottom ; but its cavity 

 is undivided ; and there is no proper orifice, the pseudopodial exten- 

 sions having apparently found their way out between the sand-grains 

 that formed the termination of the radiating extensions or digita- 

 tions. The genus Saccammina (Sars) is characterized by a very re- 

 gular spherical test, built up of large angular sand-grains strongly 

 united by ferruginous cement, which are so arranged as to form a 

 wall-surface well smoothed off externally, whilst its interior is 

 roughened by their angular projections. The cavity is undivided, 

 and is furnished with a single orifice, which is surrounded by a 

 tubular prolongation of the test, giving to the whole the aspect of a 

 globular flask. 



The family Miliolida, consisting of porcellanous- shelled Forami- 

 nifera, was represented at the depth of 530 fathoms by a Cornuspira 

 foliucea of extraordinary size, and at the depth of 650 fathoms by 

 a series of Biloculince of dimensions not elsewhere seen except in 

 tropical or subtropical regions. 



Of the family Globigerinida a considerable number of forms 

 presented themselves ; but, with the exception of the ordinary Globi- 

 gerina and Orbulina, these were not remarkable either for number 

 or size. The Globic/erina-mnd brought up in large masses by the 

 Dredge, exhibited the same composition as had been previously deter- 

 mined by the examination of Soundings ; but it included a large 

 amount of animal life of higher types, whilst it seemed everywhere 

 permeated by the protoplasmic Bathyhius of Huxley, as described in 

 the author's " Preliminary Report." The Globiyerince vary enor- 

 mously in size ; and the author gives reason for the belief that this 

 variation is not altogether the result of growth, but that many small 

 as well as large individuals have (speaking generally) attained their 

 full dimensions. He describes the sarcodic body obtained by the 

 decalcification of the shell, and discusses the question whether (as 

 some suppose) Orbulina is the reproductive segment of Globigerina, 

 as to which he inclines to a negative conclusion. He describes the 

 curious manner in which the shells of Globigerina are worked-up 

 into cases for Tubicolar Annelids ; of which cases several different 

 types presented themselves, the Foraminiferal shells in some of them 

 being combined with sponge-spicules. A remarkably fine specimen 

 of Textularia was met with alive, of which the porous shell was en- 

 cased by sand-grains ; this being laid open by section showed the 

 sarcodic body of an olive-greenish hue, corresponding with that of 

 the Lituolcc and Astrorhizce also found alive. Several Rotaline 

 types presented themselves sparingly in the Globifferina-mud ; these 

 are specially characteristic of the Cretaceous Formation. 



