On new Species of Heterocera from Japan. 161 
it for a corolla, fly directly into the expectant, serrated, sabre- 
like raptorial arms of the simulator.” 
A case like that of Gongylus is of the highest interest—can, 
in fact, be only completely appreciated by the believer in 
natural selection. The green foliaceous expansion of the 
limbs and prothorax is common with many species of this 
group of insects, and serves unquestionably as a protection by 
causing the insects to resemble leaves. Such, in all proba- 
bility, was the object of the leaf-like expansions acquired by 
the ancestor of the present Gongylus. Later in the history of 
the species the acquisition of food became of equal or greater 
importance than the mere evasion of foes ; then we must believe 
that natural selection took advantage of the underside of the 
foliaceous expansions and coloured them by minute grada- 
tions till they acquired their present floral tints and markings; 
hand in hand with this modification of colour, habits tending 
to complete the deception were gradually acquired, till the 
marvellous codrdination which we now behold was perfected. 
XIX.—Descriptions of new Species of Heterocera from Japan. 
—Part II. Noctwites. By Artruur G. Butter, F.L.S., 
F.Z.8., Ke. 
[Continued from p. 85. } 
Caradrinide. 
RADINACRA, n. gen. 
Closely allied to Caradrina, from which it may at once be 
distinguished by the great length of the apical joint of the 
palpi, and the great development of the anal tuft and appen- 
dices of the male. Type &. palpalis. . 
81. Radinacra palpalis, n. sp. 
6. Colour and general pattern of Caradrina respersa, but 
the transverse lines rather more parallel ; the reniform spot 
irrorated along its outer edge with whitish; the ground-colour 
of the primaries tinted with reddish ; the secondaries paler, 
whitish, with diffused brownish outer border; the tarsi above 
blackish, banded with white: wings below browner, discal 
line on both wings better defined, nearer to the margin; a 
series of distinct black marginal dots. Expanse 1 inch 
5 lines. 
Yokohama (Jonas). 
