Geological Society. 257 
number of implements of quartzite and flint, and two of clay-iron- 
stone. The quartzite implements were most abundant in the lowest 
bed. 
In the other cave examined, the Church Hole, which consists 
principally of a long fissure in the south side of the crags opposite 
Robin Hood's Cave, the succession of beds was nearly the same as 
in the latter. In the surface-soil near its mouth a fine bronze 
brooch was found. Some of the implements met with in the cave- 
earth were of great interest, and several of them were of bone. 
Bones of Rhinoceros were found in great abundance; and those of 
the Mammoth, Horse, &c. were also plentiful. 
As the result of the exploration of these caverns, the author said 
it is evident that during the Pleistocene period Derbyshire and the 
adjoining counties were inhabited by a very numerous and diversified 
fauna, the vast forests and pastures which extended far to the east 
and south offering a congenial home to the Mammoth, the Woolly 
Rhinoceros, the Hippopotamus, the Irish Elk, the Reindeer, the 
Bison, and the Horse, whilst among them the Hyena, the Glutton, 
the Bear, the Lion, the Wolf, the Fox, and the great sabre-toothed 
Machairodus roamed in search of prey; and that with these and 
other animals man lived and waged a more or less precarious 
struggle, amidst the vicissitudes of a varying climate, sheltering 
himself in the numerous caves of the district, which were already the 
haunts of the hyzena and its companions. 
3. “ On the Mammal-fauna of the Caves of Creswell Crags.” By 
Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. 
In this paper the author gave an account of the remains found in 
the caves explored by the Rev. J. M. Mello. He stated that the 
recent explorations had proved that the Robin-Hood Cave was 
inhabited by Hyzenas, not only during the deposition of the cave- 
earth and breccia, but also during that of the red-sand and clay 
underlying it, which had also furnished traces of the existence of man. 
An immense number of specimens were collected in this cavern, 
including bones of the following animals :—Machairodus latidens, 
Cave-Lion, Wild Cat, Leopard, Spotted Hyzna*, Fox *, Wolf, Bear, 
Reindeer *, Irish Elk*, Bison*, Horse *, Woolly Rhinoceros *, 
Mammoth *, and Hare *—those marked with an * occurring in the 
red sand and clay as well as in the cave-earth, although much more 
sparingly. The traces of man consisted of more than 1000 imple- 
ments; and, as before, those made of quartzite were generally 
found in the lower strata. The most important indication of 
human handiwork was the outline of the head and fore quarters of 
a horse, engraved upon a fragment of the rib of some animal. 
Among the animal remains the most interesting discovery was that 
of a canine of Machairodus latidens; it consisted of the sabre- 
shaped crown only, which appeared to have been purposely broken 
away from the root. 
The superficial layer of earth in the cave contained remains be- 
