cULIN] INTRODUCTION 35 
the gaming implements which are sacrificed upon the Zuni altar were 
symbols of the divination with which the ceremonies were originally 
connected. From that point of view the divination might be regarded 
as an experiment in which the dramatization of war, the chase, agri- 
culture, the magical rites that secured success over the enemy, the re- 
production of animals and the fertilization of corn, is performed in 
Fig. 1. O4q6l altar. Hopi Indians, Oraibi, Arizona; from model in the Field 
Columbian Museum. 
order to discover the probable outcome of human effort, representing 
a desire to secure the guidance of the natural powers by which 
humanity was assumed to be dominated. As opposed to this view, it 
should be said that I have no direct evidence of the employment of 
games in divination by the Indians apart from that afforded by Mr 
Cushing’s assertion in regard to the Zuni sholiwe. This game is 
ceremonially played to-day to secure rain. 
