CULIN] DICE GAMES: CHIPPEWA 67 
slightly concave, with a flat surface on the apex, are called ozawfbiks. The 
three bird-shaped pieces, sheshebwug, or ducks. 
All but the circular pieces are made out of a fine kind of bone. One side of 
the piece is white, of the natural color of the bones, and polished, the other red. 
The brass pieces have the convex side bright, the concaye black. They are all 
shaken together and thrown out of the onégun, as dice. The term pugasaing 
denotes this act of throwing. It is the participial form of the verb. The fol- 
lowing rules govern the game: 
1. When the pieces are turned on the red side and one of the ininewugs stands 
upright on the bright side of one of the brass pieces, it counts 158. 2. When all 
the pieces turn red side up and the gitshee kenabik with the tail stands on the 
bright side of the brass piece, it counts 
138. 3. When all turn up red, it counts 
58. whether the brass pieces be bright or ee Tew aN 
black side up. +. When the gitshee kena- = a VI 
bik and his associate and the two inine- 
wugs turn up white side and the other 
pieces red, it counts 58, irrespective of 
v v Vv x 
the concave or convex position of the 
brass pieces. 5. When all the pieces > ‘ 
turn up white it counts 38, whether the 
ozawabiks be bright or black. 6. When IL 1 
the gitshee kenabik and his associate 
turn up red and the other white, it counts 
38, the brass pieces immaterial. 7. When ~, mm 
one of the ininewugs stands up it counts 
50, without regard to the position of all ——— 
the rest. 8. When either of the gitshee u ~ 
kenabiks stands upright it counts 40, Fi. 47. Bone and brass dice; Chippewa 
irrespective of the position of the others. repre rere RS EL 
9. When all the pieces turn up white excepting one, and the ozawdbiks dark, 
it counts 20. 10. When all turn up red except one and the brass pieces bright, 
it counts 15. 11. When the whole of the pieces turn up white but one, with the 
ozawabiks bright, it counts 10, 12. When a brass piece turns up dark, the two 
gitshee kenabiks and the two men red, and the remaining pieces white, it counts 
S. 13. When the brass piece turns up bright, the two gitshee kenabiks and one 
of the men red, and all the rest white, it is 6. 14. When the gitshee kenabik in 
chief and one of the men turn up red, the ozawabiks bright, and all the others 
white, it is 4. 15. When both the kenabiks and both men and the three ducks 
turn up red, the brass piece black, and either the keego or a duck white, it is 5. 
16. When all the pieces turn up red but one of the ininewugs and the brass 
piece black, it counts 2. The limit of the game is stipulated. The parties throw 
up for the play. 
Elsewhere * he says: 
The game is won by the red pieces; the arithmetical value of each of which 
is fixed; and the count, as in all games of chance, is advanced or retarded by 
the luck of the throw. Any number of players may play. Nothing is required 
but a wooden bow], which is curiously carved and ornamented (the owner rely- 
ing somewhat on magic influence), and having a plain, smooth surface. 
* Information respecting the History, Condition, and ‘Prospects of the Indian Tribes of 
the United States, pt. 2, p. 72, Philadelphia, 1853. 
