82 GAMES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS _ [E2TH. ann. 24 
and white on the other. If black and white turned up four and four, 
or five and three, there was no count; six and two counted 4; seven 
and one, 10; and all eight of the same color, 20. Davis remarks 
that, “ according to Rasles, the count was sometimes kept by thrust- 
ing sticks into the ground. This is shown by Indian words used in 
the games, which Rasles interprets, respectively: ‘I thrust a stick in 
the ground to mark the games; ’‘ I win a game.from him; I place a 
stick,’ ete.; ‘He takes the mark for a game away from me; he re- 
moves a stick,’ etc.; ‘ He takes away all my marks; he removes them 
ells? 
Orrawa. Manitoba. 
Tanner“ describes the game as follows, under the name of bugga- 
sank or beggasah : ° 
The beg-ga-sah-nuk are small pieces of wood, bone, or sometimes of brass 
made by cutting up an old kettle. One side they stain or color black, the other 
they aim to have bright. These may vary in number, but can never be fewer 
than nine. They are put together in a large wooden bow] or tray kept for the 
purpose. The two parties, sometimes twenty or thirty, sit down opposite to 
euch other or in a circle. The play consists in striking the edge of the bow] in 
such a manner as to throw all the beg-ga-sah-nuk into the air, and on the 
manner in which they fall into the tray depends his gain or loss. If his stroke 
has been to a certain extent fortunate, the player strikes again and again, as 
in the game of billiards, until he misses, when it passes to the next. 
Passamaquoppy. Maine. 
The bowl game among these Indians is described by Mrs W. W. 
Brown,” of Calais, Maine, under the name of alltestegenuk : 
Played by two persons kneeling—a folded blanket between them serving as 
a cushion on which to strike the shallow 
wooden dish, named wal-tah-ha-mo’g’n. 
This dish [figure 71] contains six thin 
bone disks [figure 72] about three- 
fourths of an inch in diameter, carved 
and colored on one side and plain on the 
other. These are tossed or turned over 
by holding the dish firmly in the hands 
Fic. 71—Manner of holding dishin dice game; gnq striking down hard on the cushion. 
Passamaquoddy Indians, Maine; from Mrs For counting in this game there are 
W. W. Brown. =) 
48 small sticks, about 5 inches in 
length, named ha-ga-ta-ma-g’n’al; 4 somewhat larger, named t’k’m-way-wal and 
1 notched, called non-a-da-ma-wuch [figure 73]. 
All the sticks are placed in a pile. The disks are put in the dish without 
order; each contestant can play while he wins, but on his missing the other 
takes the dish. Turning all the disks but one, the player takes 3 small sticks, 
twice in succession, 9 sticks, three times in succession, 1 big stick or 12 small 
ones. Turning all alike once, he takes a big stick, twice in succession, 3 
big ones, or 2, and lays a small one out to show what is done, three times 
«A Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner, p. 114, New York, 1830. 
» Some Indoor and outdoor Games of the Wabanaki Indians. Transactions of the Royal 
Society of Canada, vy. 6, sec. 2, p. 41, Montreal, 1889. 
