cULIN] DICE GAMES: TIGUA 195 
Ticua. Taos, New Mexico. (Cat. no. 20123, Free Museum of Science 
and Art, University of Pennsylvania.) 
Set of three sticks, 4} inches in length, three-fourths of an inch broad, 
and six-sixteenths of an inch thick (figure 256), one side round, 
with bark, and the other flat. 
One of the sticks has eight transverse cuts on the bark side, as 
shown in the figure, with the opposite flat side smeared with red 
paint. They are accompanied by two twigs, 4% inches in length, with 
sharpened ends, one having two nicks cut near one end to distin- 
guish it. 
These objects are employed in the game of caseheapana (Spanish, 
pastor), of which the collector, Dr T. P. Martin, of Taos, has fur- 
nished the following account: 
A circle, from 2 to 3 feet in diameter [figure 257], is marked on the ground 
with small stones. One hundred and 
sixty stones are used, with larger ones WEST 
at each quarter, dividing the circle paroeet ee Oe eeeeg, 
into four quarters of forty stones each. oe 
A line AB is marked out as a river, on *o, 
and is usually marked from east to : 
west. The line CD is designated as a 
trail. A large stone is placed in the 
center. : 
There are two players, each of whom 3 
takes one of the little twigs, which : 
are known as horses. <A player takes 
o 
S 
ets 
saves 
athe 
“SeeesesOncve 
the three stones, holds them together, ei ‘2 
and drops them vertically upon the ‘. ee 
large stone. He counts according to ‘ou i 
their fall, and moyes his horse as SSee30 rf 
many places around the circuit. They : Reece et ekeecs: ae 
throw and move in turn, going in op- EAST 
Rate directions, one starting from Fig. 257. Circuit for stick dice; Tigua Indians, 
K and the other from M. If M Taos, New Mexico; from sketch by Dr T. P. 
passes point B before K reaches it, Martin. 
and meets K’s horse anywhere around 
the circle, K’s horse is said to be killed, and has to go back to A and start over 
again, and vice versa. A chief point in the game is to reach B before the other 
player, so as to kill him on the second half of the circle. 
The counts are as follows: Two flat and notched sticks, notches up, count 15; 
three round sides up, 10; three flat sides up, 5; two flat and one round side, not 
notched, up, 1; one flat and two round sides, not notched, up, 1. 
This game is usually played all night on the night of November 3 of each year. 
November 3 is known as “the day of the dead,” and this game seems in some 
way to be connected with it, or rather with its celebration, but I can not find 
out any tradition connecting the two. 
