228 GAMES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS | [Eru. ann. 24 
found among the débris of a cliff-dwelling in Mancos canyon, Colo- 
rado, which Mr Cushing regarded as having been intended for a 
game in the manner of the sticks. In this connection the following 
account of the tiyotipi of the Dakota, by Stephen R. Riggs,* will be 
found of interest : 
The exponent of the phratry was the tiyotipi, or soldier's lodge. Its meaning 
is the lodge of lodges. There were placed the bundles of black and red stieks 
Fic. 307. Arrow shaftment showing ribband ng; Hupa Indians, California; cat. no. 126517, 
United States National Museum. 
of the soldiers. There the soldiers gathered to talk and smoke and feast. There 
the laws of the encampment were enacted. 
Describing the lodge, he says: 
A good fire is blazing inside, and we may just lift up the skin door and crawl 
in. Toward the rear of the tent, but near enough for convenient use, is a large 
pipe placed by the symbols of power. There are two bundles of shaved sticks 
about 6 inches long. The sticks in one bundle are painted black and in the 
other red. The black bundle represents the real men of the camp—those who 
Fig. 308. Cut arrow shaftment; length, 6 inches; cliff-dwelling, Mancos canyon, Colorado; Free 
Museum of Science and Art, University of Pennsylvania 
have made their mark on the warpath. The red bundle represents the boys 
and such men as wear no eagle feathers. 
Again, he says: 
Then of all the round-shaved sticks, some of which were painted black, and 
some painted red, four are especially marked. They are the four chiefs of the 
tiyotipi that were made. And these men are not selected at random for this 
place, but men who have killed many enemies and are most able are chosen. 
“Dakota Grammar, Texts and Ethnography, edited by James Owen Dorsey. Contribu- 
tions to North American Ethnology, v. 9, p. 195, 200, Washington, 1893. 
