cuLtN] HAND GAME: WICHITA 279 
This was collected by Dr George A. Dorsey, who states that the 
peculiar manner of painting was due to its being used in two cere- 
monies, the blue side being used in the War dance, while the use of the 
‘pink side was confined exclusively to the Ghost dance. 
Cat. no. 59362. Large drum (figure 363), constructed similarly to the 
preceding, 8 inches deep and 30 inches in diameter; accompanied 
by four forked stakes, upon which the drum is suspended at some 
distance from the ground, when in use, by four leather thongs, 
which extend out on the four sides from the center. In addition, 
the drum bears on the upper surface a braided rawhide handle. 
The entire surface of the drum is painted a deep blue, both sides 
containing similar symbols. The center bears a red circle 6 inches in 
diameter, upon which is an unusually 
good drawing of an eagle, the black- 
tipped white wing and tail feathers 
being drawn with great fidelity; the 
body is of course black. Surrounding 
this red sphere is a narrow blue line 
from which radiates a white line 5 
inches in length, which is crossed at 
right angles near the outer end by a 
moon symbol in red. The line termi- 
nates in a five-pointed blue star. Be- 
tween this star and the edge of the 
: c A 6 : F 1a. 363. Drum used in hand game; di- 
drum is drawn in white a pipe with ameter, 30 inches: Wichita Indians. 
a short stem. Running diagonally Oklahoma; cat. no. 59362, Field Colum- 
across near the outer edge of the eae ends 
drum is a yellow star with a pipe in white similar to the one just 
mentioned. The two diagonally opposite sides are occupied, one by 
a red and the other by a green star. This specimen was collected by 
Doctor Dorsey, who states that he was informed that this drum was 
used not only in the hand game, but in the so-called War dance. It 
is used also in rain ceremonies, but concerning the latter there was not 
time to get any detailed information. The pipes have special ref- 
erence, of course, to the use of the drum during the war ceremony. 
He gives the following explanation of the symbols: 
The red center symbolizes the earth, its light blue boundary being the firma- 
ment; the white line leading from the firmament to the blue star representing 
the way of life which the spirits of the departed travel in their journey to the 
west, as blue among the Wichitas is symbolic of the west. The color symbolism 
of the three remaining stars is north for the green, east for the yellow, and 
south for the red. The deep-blue color of the drum itself represents the 
heavens. 
The following is Doctor Dorsey’s account of the game: 
The ceremony about to be deseribed took place on the afternoon of Sunday, 
the 16th of June, 1901, in a very old Witchita grass lodge. about 7 miles 
