cULIN] HIDDEN-BALL GAME 339 
The four cups or tubes, whether wood or cane, may be regarded 
as representing or referring to the twin War Gods and their female 
counterparts or associates, who preside over the four world quarters. 
In the case of the marked and carved tubes, this agreement is suggested 
at every point: In the banded markings (Hopi, Keres, Papago, Pima, - 
Tarahumare, Tewa, Maricopa), in the burned devices (Hopi), in 
the cloud terrace and flower symbols carved at the top (Hopi), and 
in the sex designation (Papago, Pima). 
The moccasin game was played by the Algonquian tribes and is 
found among the Dakota and the Navaho. Two, three, four, six, or 
eight moccasins are used, but four is the standard number. The 
Fic. 449. Flute altar, Hopi Indians, Shipauloyi, Arizona; from photograph by Sumner W. 
Matteson, September 7, 1901. 
objects hidden vary from one to four, and consist either of bullets, 
stones, or little billets of wood. The players among some tribes indi- 
cate their choice by pointing with a rod. The count is kept with 
sticks or beans, 20, 50, 100, or 102. Mittens are sometimes used 
instead of moccasins, and the game was borrowed by the whites and 
played by them under the name of “ bullet.” Moccasin was a man’s 
game. It was played as a gambling game to the accompaniment 
of singing and drumming. In the east it retains little of its former 
ceremonial character. The writer regards it as a direct modification 
of the hidden-ball game, the Navaho game, with its nodule and strik- 
ing stick, furnishing a connecting link. 
