cULIN] HOOP AND POLE 49% 
of Zuni mythology. Mr Cushing had explained this shield as a 
framework, once padded with cotton, and anciently used by the Zuni 
as an actual shield in warfare.t. Upon the basis of this account the 
writer assumed that the game arose from the employment of this 
Fic. 545. Pottery bowl with spider-web decoration; diameter, 10 inches; Hopi Indians, 
Mishongnovi, Arizona; cat. no. 75675, Field Columbian Museum 
practical shield in connection with the arrow or javelin. <A passage 
in Cushing’s Zuni Folk Tales,’ where this netted shield, made only of 
nets and knotted cords, is described as the kiaalan, water shield, a 
«The warrior carried also targets or shields of yucca or cotton cord, closely netted 
across a strong, round hoop frame and covered with a coarser and larger net, which was 
only a modification of the carrying net (like those still in use by the Papago, Pima, and 
other Indians of southern Arizona), and which was turned to account as such, indeed, on 
hunting and war expeditions. (Outlines of Zuni Creation Myths. Thirteenth Annual Re- 
port of the Bureau of Ethnology, p. 358, 1896.) Elsewhere (A Zuni Folk Tale of the 
Underworld. Journal of American Folk-Lore, y. 5, p. 52) Mr Cushing speaks thus of 
their shields : . 
“Cord shields.—Pi-a-la-we (cord or cotton shields), evidently an ancient style of 
shield still surviving in the form of sacrificial net shields of the priesthood of the Bow. 
But the shields of these two gods [the twin War Gods] were supposed to have been 
spun from the clouds, which, supporting the sky-ocean, that in turn supported the sky 
world as this world is believed to be supported by under waters and clouds, were hence 
possessed of the power of iloating—-upward when turned up, downward when reversed.” 
This refers to the War Gods covering their heads with their cord shields when descend 
ing into the under-world. 
+P, 337; 376, New York, 1901. 
