cULtN] HOOP AND POLE: MANDAN | 511 
highly polished by use. 4 inches in diameter and 1{ inches thick 
at the edge, the edge slightly convex, the interior hollowed in 
symmetrical cup-shaped cavities, with a hole 14 inches in diame- 
ter in the middle. On one side there are two incised forked 
marks, as shown in figure 6750. 
Cat. no. 13603. Biconeave disk of vellow quartzite (figure 675c), 42 
inches in diameter. 
Hiartsa. Fort Clark, North Dakota. 
Maximilian, Prince of Wied,¢ describing a visit to a village of this 
tribe on the 27th of November, 1833, says: 
We observed many very handsome young men, in fine new dresses, some of 
whom were playing the game called billiards [plate x]. 
— Fort Atkinson, North Dakota. 
Mr Henry A. Boller says: ” 
The favorite game appeared to be one which we ealled billiards. and a space 
outside the pickets of the village was beaten as smooth and hard as a floor by 
those who engaged in it. This game is played by couples; the implements are 
a round stone and two sticks 7 or 8 feet long, with bunches of feathers tied on 
at regular intervals. The players start together, each carrying his pole in a 
horizontal position, and run along until the one who has the stone, throws it, 
giving it a rolling motion, when each watching his chance, throws the stick. 
The one who comes nearest (which is determined by the marks on the stick) has 
the stone for the next throw. Horses, blankets, robes, guns, etc.. are staked 
at this game, and I have frequently seen Indians play until they had lost every- 
thing. 
Subsequently, in describing a winter camp, he says: ¢ 
In order to enjoy their amusement of * billiards,’ some of its devotees cleared 
off a level piece of ground, between the two lower camps, and planted a line of 
bushes and underbrush, to form a partial barrier against the wind. Logs were 
placed on each side of the “ alley ” to keep the sticks (or cues) from glancing off, 
Manpan. Missouri river, North Dakota. 
Lewis and Clark @ say: 
Notwithstanding the extreme cold, we observed the Indians at the village en- 
gaged out in the open air at a game which resembled billiards more than any- 
thing we had seen, and which we incline to suspect may have been acquired by 
ancient intercourse with the French of Canada. From the first to the second 
chief’s lodge, a distance of about 50 yards, was covered with timber smoothed 
and joined so as to be as level as the floor of one of our houses, with a battery 
at the end to stop the rings: these rings were of clay-stone and flat, like the 
chequers for drafts, and the sticks were about 4 feet long, with two short 
pieces at one end in the form of a mace, so fixed that the whole will slide along 
“Travels in the Interior of North America, translated by H. Evans Lloyd, p. 422, 
London, 1843. 
>» Among the Indians: Hight Years in the Far West, 1858-1866, p. 159, Philadelphia, 
1868. 
© Ibid., p. 196. 
4History of an Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark to the 
Sources of the Missouri, v. 1, p. 143, Philadelphia, 1814. 
