cuLtIn] RING AND PIN: ARAPAHO 529 
The rabbit and hare skulls occur among both the Paiute and the Es- 
kimo. As is natural, the greatest variation from what may be re- 
garded as the original type is found among the latter people, who 
copy the hare skull in ivory and make from the same material other 
implements representing the polar bear and fish. The ball of tule 
is found among nearly contiguous tribes. The cedar-twig and moose- 
hair target of the eastern Algonquian tribes is analogous to the arch- 
ery target of the Crows and the Grosventres (figure 501). 
Wire needles are now employed in the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Oglala, 
and other Algonquian and Siouan tribes, but originally they were all 
of wood or bone. 
The counts are extremely varied. In the phalangeal-bone game 
the bones count progressively from the one nearest the pin. The 
loops of beads count 1 or 10; the holes in the leather, 2 or 4; the 
large central hole, more. The total count of the game also varies 
from 2, 4, 50, or 100, the commonest number, up to 2,000. The game 
is played both for stakes and as a child’s amusement. The players 
are usually two in number, women and girls, or a youth and a girl, as 
suggested by its name of “love game” (Cheyenne) or the “ lovers’ 
game ” (Penobscot). Mr Cushing informed me that in Zuni a phallic 
significance was attached to the ring and pin. This corresponds with 
the symbolism of the hoop-and-pole game and serves to strengthen 
and confirm the theory I have advanced as to their interdependence. 
An object analogous to the ring-and-pin game of the Zuni is found 
in a stick with a ring attached by a cord (figure 694), from an an- 
cient shrine of the Little Fire society at Zuni, in the Brooklyn Insti- 
tute Museum. The ring represents the net shield of the War Gods, 
and the object may be considered as the ceremonial antetype of the 
ring-and-pin game. 
ALGONQUIAN STOCK 
Arapano. Wind River reservation, Wyoming. (Cat. no. 36981, Free 
Museum of Science and Art, University of Pennsylvania.) 
Four phalangeal bones (figure 695), each with ten perforations, 
Fic. 69%. Chetguetat; length of implement, 16} inches; Arapaho Indians, Wind River reserva- 
tion, Wyoming; cat. no. 36981, Free Museum of Science and Art, University of Pennsylvania. 
strung on a thong with a needle attached. The bone nearest the 
needle has three cuts on one side; the next, four; the next, five, 
and the last, six. Five beaded loops are at the end opposite the 
needle. 
24 ETH—05 M——34 
