648 GAMES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS [sru. ann. 24 
A distinct variation is found among the Hupa, where, instead of 
balls, two small bottle-shaped billets tied together at the top are 
employed. The Klamath use large billets fastened together by a 
cord passing through a hole in the middle of each stick. The Chip- 
pewa, Papago, Tarahumare, Achomawi, and Shasta have short cylin- 
drical billets tied with a thong, and both Papago and Pima, double 
balls wrought of plaited leather. 
The sticks, made of saplings, usually taper to the end and are 
shghtly curved. Ordinarily they are plain, but among the Shoshoni 
and Paiute they have a small fork or crotch. They vary in length 
from 23 inches to 6 feet. One stick is almost invariably used, but 
Catlin describes the Dakota as playing with one in each hand. The 
bases, two in number, consist of poles (Chippewa) or of two piles of 
earth (Omaha), and vary in distance from 300 and 400 yards 
(Omaha) to a mile (Cree) apart. The object of the game is to get 
the ball over the opponent’s base line or 
to take it to one’s home (Missisauga). 
Bets are made upon the result. 
Double ball asa woman’s game appears 
at present to have no ceremonial signifi- 
cance. Its implements, however, offer a 
possible means of identifying the wooden 
yoke-shaped objects found in the cliff- 
Fic. 847, Yoke-shaped billet; height, dwellings, such as are represented in fig- 
Cee aE ae ee ** ure 847 from Mancos canyon, Colorado. 
of Science and Art, University of This specimen, in the Free Museum 
Ponneyvenis. of Science and Art of the University 
of Pennsylvania, was made by bending a straight piece of wood, 
83 inches in length. The ends are cylindrical, each having three 
knobs, one at the extremity and two equidistant above. The upper 
part of the yoke, which is 4 inches in height, is squared. A large 
number of similar yokes, accompanied by many highly finished 
sticks, which might have been used for throwing them, were found 
together in a chamber in the Pueblo Bonito, Chaco canyon, New 
Mexico, by the Hyde exploring expedition. The collection is now 
in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. The 
sticks, numbering several hundred specimens, vary in length from 3 
to 4 feet, and are very finely finished. They vary also in form. One 
series‘terminates in a kind of hook. Another has a curved end, on 
some bound with cord or sinew and on others plain. A third series 
has a flat, shovel-like end. Still others are straight, with a flat, 
knobbed handle. 
A ceremonial analogue of the game may be observed in the tossing 
of the annulets and cylinder from cloud-terrace symbol to cloud- 
terrace symbol by the girls and boys in the procession on the ninth 
day of the Flute ceremony. 
