CULIN] RUNNING RACES: CROWS 807 
largest bets were made on races between champions. It is said that when the 
Indians were numerous, and almost all the men in constant training, there were 
some excellent long and short distance runners among them. Two men of the 
Spences Bridge band were said to be the fastest runners in the surrounding 
tribes. One of them raced against horses and against canoes paddled down- 
stream. 
SHOSHONEAN STOCK. 
Horr. Walpi, Arizona. 
Mr A. M. Stephen, in his unpublished manuscript, gives the fol- 
I I pt, 
lowing vocabulary of racing among the Hopi: 
zvik-yu'-wii-ta, running; wa-wa’-si-ya, a short-distance race; yiih’-tii, a 
long-distance race; tciile’-yiih-tii, race on the eighth morning of the Snake dance ; 
teu’-tciib-ti an’-am-yiib-tii, race on the ninth morning of the Snake dance; 
le’-len-ti yiih-tii, race on the ninth morning of the Flute ceremony ; Ja-kon’- 
yiih-tii, race ut sunset by women on the eighth day of the Lalakonti; la’la-kon-ti 
an’-am-yiih-tii, race at early sunrise by men on the ninth day of the Lalakonti ; 
ti’-yot-wa’-zri, a race between two youths; ta’-kat-wa’-zri, a race between two 
men; to’-tim-yiib-tii, a race between many men; ta’-tak-yiih-tii, a race between 
several men; Ho’-pi ta’-cab-wiit a’-miim wa-zri, a race between a Hopi and a 
Navaho; Ho’-pi_ ta’-cab-miii a’-mum-yiih-tii, a race between several of each 
people (Hopi and Navaho); ka-wai’-yo ak-wa-zri, a race between two horse- 
men; ka-wai-yo-mii-i ak yiih-tii, a race between several horsemen. 
SIOUAN STOCK 
Crows. Upper Missouri river, North Dakota. 
In a report to Isaac I. Stevens, governor of Washington Terri- 
tory, on the Indian tribes of the upper Missouri, by Mr Edwin T. 
Denig, a manuscript in the library of the Bureau of American 
Ethnology, there occurs the following: 
/ Foot racing is often practiced by the Mandan and Crows. The former nation 
before they were so much reduced by smallpox had a reguar race course 5 
miles in length, in which any and all who chose could try their speed, which 
they did by running three times around this space, betting very high on either 
side. They still practice the amusement, but not so much as formerly. Foot 
races among the Crow Indians are usually contested by two persons at a time, 
a bet being taken by those concerned, and many more by the friends and 
spectators on either side, consisting of blankets, buffalo robes, or some other 
article of clothing. They mostly run about 300 yards, and in starting endeavor 
to take every advantage of each other, a dozen starts being often made before 
the race begins. ‘These Indians also run horse races, betting one horse against 
the other. The same trickery and worse is displayed in their horse as in their 
foot races, and often the loser will not pay. 
The Sioux also have foot races, in which anyone may join, provided he bets, 
which, if they have anything to stake, they are sure to do. The name of being 
a fast and long runner is highly prized among them all; indeed after that of 
being a warrior and hunter that of being a good runner is next to be desired, 
but the principal aim in all these amusements appears to be the winning of 
