30 
great norm of the reason, Hx nihilo iihil, in all the depart- 
ments of human thoughts disclosed. Itis the regulative notion 
of the reason. 
In defending the intuitive quality of this judgment, then, 
we are defending the very being of the natural sciences, and 
also of theology. This is the principle of the reason, on which 
both the cosmological and teleological arguments for the being 
of a God are founded. Hume, the great finisher of the Sen- 
sationalist metaphysic, saw, that in denying to the mind an 
intuition of cause, he was undermining those arguments. 
Teach with him, that this judgment is only an empirical one, 
learned from experience; and his cavil against those arguments, 
—that the world, ifan effect, 1s one too singular and unique to 
be argued about as we argue of common, experienced effects, 
—at once becomes formidable. To undermine theology was his 
purpose. But we have shown that his metaphysic also under- 
mines the sciences. The inductive method, on this philosophy 
of Hume, becomes as baseless and uncertain as he wished 
theology to be; and its doctrines are degraded from certainties 
to guesses. The history of the inductive sciences illustrates 
this influence. When they were prosecuted by the Boyles, 
Newtons, and the illustrious company of Christian physicists, 
whose metaphysic was that of Cudworth, Clarke, and Butler ; 
they gave the world those splendid and solid results which 
constitute the wonders of modern civilisation. But when the 
votaries of the inductive sciences, like Dr. Huxley, have 
embraced the empiricism of Hume, Comte, and Mill, they 
stagger and grope, and give the world, in place of true 
science, the vain hypotheses of evolutionism and materialism. 
In asserting the true nature of induction we have been plead- 
ing the cause of science, no less than of theology. 
FINAL CAUSE, AND INDUCTION. 
Ifwe may judge from the gentleman last named, the hostility 
of the empirical school is particularly directed against the 
theistic doctrine of Final Causes. They see how intimately 
it is connected with the teleological argument for the being 
and attributes of God. But the doctrine that each thing has 
some final cause; that a wise Creator did not make it aim- 
lessly ; this is the main guide of induction. It is by its light 
we are guided to the discovery of the laws of cause and effect. 
The illustration given by Dr. Harvey’s discovery of the circu- 
lation of the blood is equally splendid and familiar. He 
himself informed Boyle that he was led to it by the fact that 
he found in the veins, membranous valves opening towards 
the heart, and in the arteries similar valves opening the other 
