38 
sented one instance, as yet, in which A has been followed by 
X, even seemingly, A being accompanied or unaccompanied 
by other antecedents, B, C, D, ete. The utmost which can be 
claimed is, that a few “ varieties”? have been evolved, but no 
permanent species or genus, which can meet the tests of generic 
character. Even these “ varieties”? cannot be proved to be 
the effects of the supposed evolving physical causes, since it 
does not appear that they have evolved themselves, except 
when these unintelligent influences were guided by a rational 
purpose, as that of the stock-breeder or bird-fancier. Again, 
the theory fails as to man, the rational, and the highest result, 
of the supposed evolution,—in that its energies are unintelligent 
and blind; but man hasa reason. ‘There must be enough in 
the cause to account for the effect. And it fails as to man 
and all the lower animals, in that their organs all display, even 
down to the lowest, the work of thoughtful design and the 
intelligent selection of final cause; whereas the evolving 
energies are all blind and unintelligent. Nor has the first 
instance been found where the influences of “ environment ”’ 
have evolved a single new organ or physical faculty, in the 
sense necessary to the theory. The facts observed are these: 
that when nature has implanted the generic organ or function 
by regular propagation, but in the infantile state, the “ envi- 
ronment” has presented the occasion, not the cause, for its 
growth, by its own exercise up to its adult strength. The 
fish’s fin grows by beating the water, in this sense; the bird’s 
wing by beating the air; the child’s arm by the wielding of 
his toys. But where is the first instance that the environment 
has evolved a new organ over and above the generic model ? 
Where has environment placed a new fin on a fish’s back, 
or an additional finger on a youth’s hand? The instances 
ought to be of this nature, to give any show of an induction. 
And the organ evolved ought to become not merely an 
individual peculiarity, but a permanent trait transmitted 
uniformly by propagation. 
The canon of the inductive logic requires, again, that all 
other possible causes, other than the one claimed in the 
hypothesis, shall be excluded by at least some of the known 
instances. But the theistic account, which is made entirely 
probable, to say the least, by arguments in morals and natural 
theology, presents another sufficient cause in the creative 
power and wisdom. Since the origin of species antedates, 
confessedly, all human observation and history, this cause for 
it is probable, until atheism is demonstrated. ven were the 
evolution theory an induction from real instances,_in which 
these evolving influences were truly adequate to the effect, 
