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These persistent characters were either assumed by the plants 
themselves, or they were arranged by Intelligence. 
When such evidences of systematic arrangements are found 
in the region of human activities they are naturally associated 
with mind, and any attempt to attribute them to any other 
source is regarded as folly. Why, then, should the systematic 
arrangements found in the vegetable kingdom, and the 
adaptation of means to ends in the animal world, be placed to 
the credit of natural selection, and not to the deliberate act of 
a presiding mind ? 
3. In the third place, Evolution by natural selection is 
rejected, because it cannot account for the teleological adapta- 
tion of various organs which are possessed by animals. 
And here it will be well to apply the canon laid down by 
Mr. Darwin. ‘ Natural selection,” he says, ‘acts only by taking 
advantage of slight successive variations ; she never can take 
a sudden leap ; but must advance by short and sure though 
slew steps. . . . If it could be demonstrated that any complex 
organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by 
numerous successive slight modifications, my theory would 
absolutely break down.” (Origin of Species, p. 146, sixth 
edition.) Well, be it so! The knowledge of the structure of 
a bird’s egg will enable us to demolish the whole fabric of 
Evolution by natural selection. 
STRUCTURE OF A HEN’s Eco. 
AA, White or glair. 8B, Yolk. cc, Balancers or 
Treddles. D,; Embryo. 
The parts of a hen’s egg are the shell, the white or glair ; 
the yolk with its treadles, or balancers, and the embryo. 
Whence these treadles? On the hypothesis of Evolution 
the ancestors of birds were reptiles or fishes, and, as there are 
no balancers in the eggs of either fish or reptiles, 1t 1s clear 
