139 
It is, | suppose, quite possible for a savage nation to emi- 
grate, and nobody pretends to imagine that the whole world 
was brought under cultivation after the ‘ confusion of 
tongues and the dispersion of mankind.” 
The chief traces of primitive civilisation would occur, natu- 
rally, in man’s oldest colonies, and where he has been least 
disturbed ; and, accordingly, we find them existing in Meso- 
potamia, EHeypt, China, and India. 
IT cannot agree with Sir John Lubbock that our domestic 
animals are a necessary concomitant of civilisation ; for the 
civilisation of the Aztecs, and probably also the still higher 
refinement of their predecessors, the ‘l'oltecs, was achieved 
without the aid of a single domestic animal; and the Peru- 
vians had only one perfectly unknown to the ancients—the 
llama—and yet the refinement of both these races was fully 
equal to that of ancient Greece and Rome. 
Again, how can Sir John Lubbock say that no traces of 
civilisation are to be found in America or in the South Sea 
Islands ? 
Does he not know that the whole continent of America, 
from the Great Lakes to Bolivia, is thickly studded with 
ruined towns, pyramids, forts, tombs, sculptures, temples, 
and earth-mounds of vast antiquity ? 
Does he not remember the discovery of upwards of fifty- 
four ruined cities in Central America, and the assertion of 
Humboldt, that the ruined cities on the River Gila alone 
would accommodate 80,000 inhabitants ? 
Has he not heard that, to this day, ancient pottery is found 
thickly strewn over the whole State of Arizona and North 
Mexico ? 
Then, as to the South Sea Islands, there exist, in Hawai, 
Tahiti, and Haster Island, Cyclopean relics of civilised races 
which have been already alluded to. 
Sir John Lubbock’s conclusions respecting the South Sea 
Islands are peculiarly unfortunate, for a high authority, Mr. 
Crawfurd, concludes, from the evidence of language, that there 
was in ante-historic times a great Polynesian nation, whose 
speech lies at the basis of all the Malay and Polynesian lan- 
guages at the present day. The massive ruins and remains of 
pyramidal and terraced structures date probably from this 
primeval race. 
H. C. von der Gabelentz, after a careful investigation of the 
languages, corroborates this. The inference is, that ‘‘ the 
whole vast population of black’ and brown peoples,—the 
Malays, Polynesians, and Melanesians,—may be referred to 
one source, and, in all probability, be joined with the Turanian 
L 
