Lid 
trees to take place within 12° of the pole. All the Arctic 
Miocene plants agree entirely with those of the Miocene 
beds of Central Europe. But this even is not all. Many of 
the genera found in the Miocene flora go further back still. 
They meet us in the chalk, the earliest flora of Dicotyledons. 
Dr. Lesquereux gives, in the Cretaceous Flora of the Western 
Territories (vol. vi. of U. S. Geological Survey, 1874), amongst 
others the following genera of trees as then existing: the 
alder, the birch, the oak, the laurel, the magnolia, the plane- 
tree, the willow, the sassafras, the sequoia, the tulip-tree. 
With pardonable pride the eminent American palzeo-botanist 
remarks upon the great antiquity of the indigenous glories of 
the American woods, the magnolia and the tulip-tree. He 
justly remarks,—“‘ The magnolia, and its relative, the tulip- 
tree, are wonders of American nature quite as worthy admira- 
tion as the great Niagara or the mammoth trees of California” 
(Tertiary Flora, vol. vi. p. 247). But, after describing frag- 
ments of tulip-tree leaves from the cretaceous beds, he makes 
the following most valuable remarks (Cretaceous Plora, vol. vi. 
p. 124) :—“ Liriodendron, the tulip-tree, has in its characters, 
its distribution, and its life a great degree of affinity with 
magnolia. ‘he American species is the only one known now 
in the vegetable world, and its habitat is strictly limited to 
this country. It does not ascend higher than the fortieth 
degree of latitude, except, perhaps, casually, like magnolia, 
under the protection of favourable local circumstances. The 
genus does not appear to have any disposition to modifications 
of its type,and to migrations. We have as yet scarcely any 
fossil remains of it in our Tertiary formations. In that. of 
Europe, it is represented from Greenland to Italy by one species 
only. The leaves of different forms, described from the Dakota 
group as four species, may perhaps be referable to a single one, 
as the characters, especially the size, of the leaves may be local, 
and result from climatic circumstances. It has thus passed 
a solitary hfe. Hyen now, by the singular and exclusive form 
of its pale-green glossy leaves (7.e., four-lobed and looking as if 
the fifth apicai lobe had been cut off, apparently a unique out- 
line); by its large cup-shaped yellow flowers, from which it has 
received its specific name; by its smooth, exactly cylindrical 
stem, gracefully bearing an oblong pyramidal head of branches, 
grouped with perfect symmetry, it stands widely apart from 
the other denizens of our forests as a beautiful stranger, or 
rather as a memorial monument of another vegetable world. 
Hither considered in its whole or in its separate characters, the 
tulip-tree is a universal and constant subject of admiration and 
wonder. It could be named,—not the king, it is not strong 
