196 
dron, eight sides). No scientist, however, will presume to 
say that they are identical in kind or in qualities; or that 
the one has been evolved from the other. Why, then, should 
we be expected to believe that, because physical resemblances 
exist more or less between man and the higher apes, he and 
they should therefore be one save only in the degree of 
development ?”’ 
And then, as to the second, it may fearlessly be asserted 
that, while man’s physical nature may connect him with the 
mere animal creation of which he is a part, the last im order 
but the head of all, that nature is not, to use the expression 
of Archbishop Whately, his dominant, it is not even his 
stronger part; it is subordinated to and controlled by his 
moral and intellectual powers, the spiritual part is his guiding 
principle. 
As a natural corollary of the assumption that man has 
descended from the anthropoid apes, it is asserted that he has 
existed on the earth for many thousands of years, and that, 
of necessity, he commenced his career as an untutored 
savage. | : 
Such being the case, let us next examine the evidence 
adduced to prove man’s great antiquity and evolution from the 
lower animals. 
First. When did man appear on the earth? It may beas 
well at starting to say that we do not consider the date, 
4004 B.C. of the margin of Genesis 1. of any authority: it is 
only one of the many systems of chronology which have beer 
adopted by which to measure the period which elapsed 
between Adam and Christ. Passing, therefore, outside the 
Bible, let us see what light may be thrown on the subject by 
early human history. 
Out of all the various nations which either now exist or 
which have existed, and which have a written history, there 
are but few which can lay any claim to be called ancient; 
these are the Hebrews, the Assyrians, the Hgyptians, the 
Hindoos, and the Chinese. Taking the last of these first, let 
us examine their records to see what light they throw on the 
subject. One of the historians of the Chinese Empire, 
Soe-ma-thsian, who lived 100 B.C., compiled, from every 
recognised authority, a work called Sse-ki, or historical 
memorials, which embraces the history of China from the year 
2637 B.C. up to the commencement of the dynasty of Han in 
the second century before Christ. This work has been 
continued by the different dynasties, and forms a complete 
collection of the annals of the empire up to the termination of 
the Ming dynasty in 1643 A.D. Jt is known under the title 
