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and chipped; millstones, copper nails, pottery, bone imple- 
ments, and terra-cotta discs. 
In the next above, at 33 feet from the surface, the Homeric 
Troy, destroyed by the Greeks about 1300 B.C., implements 
and weapons of copper, bronze, and stone; pottery, fine gold, 
jewelry, and gold and silver vessels. 
In the third from the rock, at 23 feet from the surface, 
relics of a barbarian people who occupied the site of Troy, 
rude stone implements and pottery. 
In the fourth from the rock, at 13 ft. from the surface, the 
relics of a second barbarian people were found. Here very 
coarse pottery implements of copper and bronze, stone knives 
and saws, were obtained. 
In the fifth, at 6 ft. 6 in. from the surface, the Greek Ihum, 
various works of art were found. Here, then, we have a 
succession of the Stone Age from an early to one of compara- 
tively high civilisation. Again, there are many evidences of 
skill in the pre-historic man. Thus, in the Dordogne caves, 
were found drawings done on bone and stone. In some cases 
there is even an attempt at shading. Among other examples 
found was a cylindrical piece of reindeer horn, found at La 
Madelaine, on which are carved two outlines of fish, one on 
each side. The representation of the animal is so accurate 
that even the lateral line of scales is marked. Another 
example is that of a spirited group of reindeer, drawn on the 
palmated tine of reindeer’s horn. 
Again, there is abundant evidence that the people of the 
so-called Bronze Age were acquainted with the art of smelting 
metals; otherwise they could not have fabricated their imple- 
ments of war and articles of daily life which they left behind 
them. But it may be asked, Is the metal of which these 
implements are made really bronze? Dr. John Eyans shall 
answer this question. At p. 421 of his Ancient Bronze 
Implements of Great Britain, he gives the result of the 
analysis of no less than thirty separate examples, taken from 
all parts of the kingdom, and they were in every case found 
to consist of true bronze—that is, of an alloy of copper and 
tin; and the average amount of the latter metal was found to 
be about 10 per cent. Clearly, then, the metal of which the 
articles was made is true bronze. Then it may be suggested 
that the metal of which they were made was found ready for 
use. Let us see. There are no ores of this metal, and, 
although tin does sometimes occur in copper ores, it is chiefly 
as an oxide, the greater part of which, says Dr. Percy in his 
Metallurgy, p. 477, would pass into the slag by fusion, and 
