300 
dwelt in the Coyote.* This will be more fully discussed in 
the conclusion. 
(b) Good Spirits.—These in the east are called Manitous ; 
in the north-west, Tamanous. ‘The belief in them is fully as 
wide-spread as in aGreat Spirit, and to the Indian much more 
practical. The Supreme Being, it is true, made all things 
long ago, but the good spirit of each individual or household 
takes care of him now, hears his prayers, and is his guardian 
angel. 
ee Schooleraft, who is good authority in regard to 
Indians, “The belief in Manitous is universal, all tribes have 
such a word.” 
From the southern extremity of the continent, the Pata- 
gonians and inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, to the north- 
ward among the Brazilian tribes, the Indians on the northern 
part of South America, the Caribs of the West Indies, the 
Algonquins and Indians of Virginia and California, and the 
Eskimo all believe in a multiplicity of spirits, both good and 
evil.t 
In Peru, they had innumerable deities, less than the 
Supreme Being, historical deities, those of the nation, those 
of different towns called Huacas, and household gods similar 
to the Lares and Penates of the Romans, of various material, 
gold, silver, copper, wood, stone, clay, &c., and of various 
forms, both human and inhuman.t{ 
In the Latimer collection of antiquities from Porto Rico are 
a number of,stone images and amulets. The inhabitants of 
Hispaniola had small images of their gods, which they bound 
about their foreheads when they went to battle, and each 
cacique had a temple where an image of his tutelary deity of 
wood, stone, clay, or cotton was kept.$ 
Bancroft || devotes one hundred and ninety octavo pages 
to a description of the Mexican deities and their worship, and 
says that the Chihuahuans recognised many lesser deities 
dwelling in and inspiring their priests. 
According to Mr. F, C. Cushing, the Zufi Indians have 
beneath their supreme deity a long line of lesser deities, very 
numerous, divided into six classes—the hero-gods, gods of 
the forces of nature, sacred animal gods, gods of prey, gods of 
the divinities of places, and demon-gods.4 
* P. 297 of this paper. 
+ Bradford’s American Antiquities. 
t Tschudi’s Peruvian Antiquities, chap. vii. 
§ Smithsonian Report, 1876, p. 378. 
|| Native Races of the Pacific, vol. iii. 
“] Popular Science Monthly, June, 1882. 
