304 
IT.—Man As A Spirituat Bena. 
(a) His Immortality—When we look at a graveyard on 
Puget Sound, and see there canoes, muskets, cloth, clothes, 
dishes, looking-glasses, bows and arrows, and almost every- 
thing that is valuable to an Indian in this life, silently yet 
eloquently they say one thing, that those who placed us here 
believed in the immortality of the soul; that, as these articles 
decay, they will be carried by spirits away to the deceased in 
the next world, there to be put together again and used, And 
what is thus said here is also said all over America, from the 
frozen regions of the north to Tierra del Fuego on the south, 
and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, with, it is barely possible, 
a few exceptions, and it is not certain about these. 
Faith in the immortality of the soul was one of the funda- 
mental ideas among the Peruvians. T'ood and valuables were 
placed in or near the graves, and the servants and wives of 
great men were there often killed, or killed themselves in 
order to attend him in the next world.* 
The Mexicans did much the same, two hundred persons 
having sometimes been killed, and three or four thousand 
dollars in gold buried with royal persons. 
Want of time and space forbids my doing much more than 
refer to the writers who speak of this and the names of 
the tribes. 
Dr. Yarrow+ speaks of articles being buried with the Omahas, 
Sierra Nevadas, Utahs, Achomawi, and Karoks of California, 
Tolkotins [Tualatins| of Oregon, Indians about the Cascades, 
the Yakamas, Makahs, and Skagits of Washington Territory, 
Sioux, Blackfeet, Navajos, Panama Indians, and Indians of 
Leech Lake, Minnesota. In a further article in the Annual 
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1879-80, the same writer 
likewise refers to the Mohawks, Sacs, and Foxes, Creeks, 
Seminoles, Otoes, Pueblos, Wichitas, Doraches of Central 
America, Round Valley Indians, and Keltas of California, 
Congarees of South Carolina, Innuits and Ingaliks of Alaska, 
Apaches, Gros Ventres, Mandans, Chinooks, Chippewas, 
Nebraska and Virginia Indians; while he directly states a 
belief in the immortality of the soul among the Comanches, 
Caddoes, Sioux, Panamas and Natas, Wascopums, and 
Yuroks. 
Bancroft speaks of the same among the Ahts and Nevadas.t 
* Tschudi’s Peruvian Antiquities, pp. 151, 126, 200-202. 
+ Introduction to the Study of Mortuary Customs. 
~ Native Races of the Pacific. 
