308 
gans,* Hidatsas,t Indians of New York, Pennsylvania, and 
neighbouring States,t New Jersey,$ and Canada. || 
By referrmg to what has been already said about the 
Supreme Being, it will also be seen that his name, Creator, 
has reference to this work among the tribes of Guiana, Mich- 
coacan, Durango, Mexico, Yucatan, the Aztecs, Mojaves, 
Apaches, Karoks, Yuroks, Maidus, Palligawonaps, Chinooks, 
Blackfeet, Newettee Indians, Haidas, Thlinkeets, Aleuts, 
Omahas, Algonquins, and Indians of New England. 
(2) Providence.—I have already spoken of the almost uni- 
versal beliefin Manitous, or Guardian Spirits, and, every time 
there is an incantation by the Indians, it plainly says, We 
believe that the Supreme Being or his subordinates govern 
the world. I shall yet speak of the Deluge and worship, and 
these likewise prove a belief in Providence among the tribes 
there mentioned; for the Deluge shows that the Supreme 
Being has interfered among the affairs of men, while every 
time that a prayer is offered, a sacrifice made, or a religious 
feast takes place, they plainly say the same. The very name 
given to the Supreme Being by the Quiches is “ He by whom 
we all live and breathe’’; and by the Mexicans, ‘He by whom 
we live.” 
When the small-pox first visited the tribes around the 
mouth of the Columbia River, and they were unable to cure 
those sick with it, they became desperate, and believed that 
the Great Spirit had surrendered them to the Evil Spirit, 
because of their wickedness.4 
(3) The Deluge-—Almost identical with Providence, and 
yet of so much importance as to be treated as a subject by 
itself, is the Deluge, the punishment of sin in this world. 
First the creation, next the Deluge, and then the Indians 
know of but little more until about the present time. 
The Peruvians say that, as in the first age of the world Con 
punished the human race with frightful barrenness, so in the 
second Pachamac vented his wrath in a deluge; an ark was 
constructed, and a small portion of the human family were 
preserved.** 
According to the Brazilian tribes, two persons were saved 
* Council Fire, October, 1879. + Mathew’s Hidatsa, p. 47. 
t Contributions to N. A. Ethnology, vol. iv. p. 49. 
§ Hayward’s Book of All Religions, p. 212. || Ibid., p. 211. 
“| The ground cursed for Adam’s sin (?). 
** Tschudi’s Peruvian Antiquities, p. 152. Another tradition is given in 
the Journal of the Victoria Institute for 1869, p. 297, 
