The Migration of fishes. 45 
cannot be many degrees below 50 deg., while the mackerel, 
appears to endure a temperature of 40 deg. or less. Menha- 
den linger in Maine waters till November, and in Massachu- 
setts Bay and the Vineyard Sound till December. 
Finally, the undoubted capture of many individuals in 
winter on the coast of Newfoundland would, by no means, 
prove that the great schools were there throughout the season. 
Disabled, blind, or diseased individuals would naturally be 
unable to accompany the departing school. Such fish would 
naturally grovel on the bottom in a helpless state, and might 
easily become impaled on the eel-spears, or might occasion- 
ally be accidentally detained. Mr. Peter Sinclair, a well- 
known fisherman of Gloucester, stated to Prof. Baird that, 
some years ago, a school of mackerel were detained all winter 
in a small river in Nova Scotia and were speared out of the 
mud. This is, doubtless, hearsay testimony, and is given for 
what it is worth. I do not doubt that there have been indivi- 
dual cases of this kind, but I maintain that no generalization 
should be founded upon them. 
IV. THE MOVEMENTS OF FISHES ON THE COAST OF THE UNITED 
STATES. 
/ 
The preceding paragraph is devoted to the refutation of 
the idea that sea-fish hybernate. This is regarded as the least 
probable of the three hypotheses stated. On page 28, it is 
stated that the sea-herring and many other fishes have two 
kinds of migrations, one bathic, or from and toward the sur- 
face, the other littoral, or coastwise. Now in some species 
the former is most extended, in others the latter. The ana- 
dromous species very probably strike directly out to sea with- 
out coasting to any degree, while others, of which the mack- 
erel is a fair type, undoubtedly make extensive coastwise 
