58 Fish Cultural Assoctation. 
oceanic, and confined to the surface zone. The second group 
would include the bottom fishes of restricted range, the Paors- 
son de fond of Rimbaud, which move to and from the shore 
or the shallows, and which do not range. 
The third group would include the middle classes, those 
which take advantage of both methods of migration, and cor- 
responds approximately to Rimbaud’s second division. ‘“ White 
fishes”” seem hardly an appropriate name. Coast-fishes would 
probably be more expressive. 
Col.. Lyman: in his report; “Om ithe Limits. of -Artifier 
Culture, and the Possible Exhaustion of Sea Fishes,’ * speaks 
of the first class as the wandering or “schooling” fish of the 
high seas. The term schooling 1s: Hable to mislead, for the 
“white fishes” also school. Among the wandering fishes he 
mentioned only “the herring (Clupea elongata), mackerel (Scomber 
vernalis), menhaden (Alosa menhaden), cod (Gadus morrhua), etc.” 
The cod and herring most certainly are “white fishes,” and 
the menhaden and mackerel are certainly not to be ranked 
with “those which appear on the coast only when ‘migrating,’ 
and then in vast but uncertain troops,” (p. 63.) 
A provisional classification by habits of the fishes of our 
eastern coast might stand somewhat as follows: 
(1.) Wandering, or Surface Fishes—These remain in our wa- 
ters only for a short time, their movements being capricious» 
or accidentally directed by the ocean currents, or else in 
search of food. They do not spawn on our coast, and their 
young are never seen in our waters. The best known exam- 
ples are the sword-fish (X7phias gladius), the spear-fish (Zetrap- 
turus albidus), the bonito (Pelamys sarda), the tunny (Orcynus 
thynnus), the dwarf tunny (Orcynus alliteratus), the ceroes’ and 
* Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries for Massachussetts for the year ending January 
1, 1870, pp. 58-67. 
