70 Lish Cultural Association. 
adult fish:on “lights,” as the) lungs of »beef are called) and 
when one died, often opened it to look for the cause of its 
death, without getting a very definite idea of it, as at that 
time I had not paid any attention to anatomy. Occasionally 
it was plain to be seen by the protruding eyes and inflam- 
mation of the brain where the trouble was, but of the cause 
of it I do not know to this day. 
I do, however, distinctly remember many whose “large 
intestine” was large, with its surface showing inflammation, 
which I now attribute to large pieces’ of indigestible mat- 
ter, perhaps the cartilage lining of the bronchial tubes in 
the! food.) Ikydid: not then ;know> that, the “large intestine? 
in many fish, as the genus salmo esox (the pike) and some 
others, is only so-called because it is analogous to that in the 
percoids, where it zs larger. In the salmon’s it is of the 
same diameter as the ‘small intestine,’ when it is in a nor- 
mal condition. There is also a well-marked difference in 
the lining of the small and large intestines in the salmon: 
the beginning of the large one is well marked by a long 
circular valve, or transverse fold, one edge of which hangs 
free; this is followed by several smaller ones resembling 
those known as Valvule conniventes in the human small in- 
testine. As I remember, the edges of these were highly in- 
flamed, and in one case appeared ulcerated, and in fact there 
was more or less inflammation of the entire lining of the 
vasculo-mucous membrane, caused no doubt by the continual 
passage of large partly-digested masses. 
Who that has seen it does not remember trout in ponds 
with a string of white, undigested fibre trailing six inches 
behind; which proves to be held very fast if pulled on, 
and which takes sometimes days to expel. Also note the 
appearance of the pendant matter from the wild trout, whose 
