30 FISH CULTURAL ASSOCIATION. 
alent to 1,800,000 pounds of water falling a foot, producing a 
friction-force as effective as that of a good-sized running stream 
of water. I ought to add here that the lobsters did not get the 
benefit of the melting ice as the fresh-water fish did, it being of 
course impracticable to put ice in the lobster-tanks on account 
of its freshening the water, a result rapidly fatal to lobsters. In 
place of ice for cooling the ocean-water, I kept two immense 
freezers in constant operation on the ice-cream. freezing prin- 
ciple, and by frequently exchanging the water between the tank 
and the freezers, succeeded with much difficulty and labor in 
keeping the water cold enough for safety. I have endeavored 
in the above remarks to call attention to some of the not too 
obvious dangers that one is liable to fall into in travelling with 
living fishes, and if some of my suggestions have seemed super- 
fluous, I hope it will also be remembered that too much care 
cannot be exercised in transporting live fishes, and that infinite 
precaution as well as eternal vigilance is the price of success at 
our journey’s end. 
The Secretary, Mr. Puituips. then read the following paper 
from C. J. BoTrreManne, M. D., Superintendent of Fisheries for 
the Netherlands. 
Do GRILSE SPAWN ? 
Of the entire lot of grilse that enter the Dutch rivers, about 
seventy-five per cent of them, I calculate, are males. All have 
full milt. By the middle of August the hook (which the male 
salmon has in spawning-time on the point of the lower jaw) is 
developing fast. The females are always in the minoyity, but in 
the first part of the season there are more than towards the 
latter part. All have spawn, and towards the end of October 
they are so far ripe that when one is lifted by the head the spawn 
is running out. 
Another thing observed in Holland is, that when there has 
been a good grilse season one year, two years afterwards there 
.is a good season of so-called summer-salmon, viz: salmon of to 
to 16 pounds. About two years later there is a good catch of 
winter-salmon, viz: of 22 pounds and upwards. 
