TENTH ANNUAL MEETING. c7 
Golden cod, red cod and other alge forms are as well-known 
at the Shumagin Islands as they are around Cape Cod and Cape 
Ann. Even the beautiful lemon-yellow fish, which occasionally 
are found in the Ipswich Bay schools, are duplicated in Alaskan 
waters. Nor does the similarity between the commercial cod of 
the two oceans end with external characters which are taken into 
account in determining specific relationship, for we find a won- 
derful resemblance in habits and in their food. Thus the shore 
fish about Kodiak make their appearance in schools similar to_ 
ours—first, the “herring school ;” next, the “lant school ;” then 
the “capelin school ;” followed by the ‘‘squid school” and the 
“winter school.’”” Besides these there is an abundance of bank 
fish, which are always larger than those previously named. All 
of the food-fish of the cod here mentioned are exceedingly 
abundant. The herring is not identical with the common sea 
herring of the Atlantic, but it is wonderfully like it. The lant 
is Closely related to one of our New England species ; the capelin 
is the same as ours. The squid is a species of Octopus (O. punc- 
tatus Gabb). 
The cod come on the rocks in twenty-five to thirty fathoms 
about Kodiak to spawn in November and December, just as they 
do in the East, and these spawning fish will sometimes lie per- 
fectly still on the bottom and refuse to take the hook. Young 
cod swarm near the shores, just as they were observed to do in 
Gloucester Harbor after the experiments of the U. S. Fish Com- 
mission with artificial propagation. On the 13th of July, 1880, 
our seine took young cod at St. Paul, Kodiak Island. We dredged 
numbers of them near our anchorage at Belkofssky, on the pen- 
insula of Aliaska, July 23rd, 1880, averaging one and one-half 
inches in length. On the following day young cod of the same 
size were found in the stomach of a large one of the same 
species caught near Oleny Island in seven fathoms of water. On 
the first of October, in the harbor of Chernofssky, Unalashka 
Island, the cod fry were very abundant and had reached a length 
of four inches. At Iliuliuk, on the north end of the same island, 
young cod of the same length were seined at various times from 
October 6th to October 18th; they fairly swarmed around the 
wharves, eagerly biting at anything in the form of bait and 
