26 FISH CULTURAL ASSOCIATION, 
nine feet of waterat Iliuliuk, and at a depth of at least fifty fath- 
oms off Cape Cheerful. Mr. Devine, of Pirate Cove, says they 
are caught as far as thirty miles off Seminoffsky Island as deep 
as forty-five fathoms, and that on the middle ridge, in sixty to 
seventy fathoms, the best fish are taken with hand-lines. 
Capt. H. R. Bowen states that they are caught in three feet 
of water sometimes at the village of St. Paul, but these are 
always sick fish. Wherever there are soundings good fish may 
be caught. The cod of the Shumagins are generally taken at 
such short distances from the shores as can be readily reached in 
dories. The fishermen go out in dories from their vessels, or from 
the fishing station, in the morning, and return in time to dress 
the fish aboard or on shore in the evening. 
MOVEMENTS. BTC: 
MIGRATIONS, 
Mr. J. B. McIntyre, Mr. D. C. Bowen and Capt. H. R. Bowen, 
all agree in stating that cod remain throughout the year around 
the island of Kodiak. They were scarce last winter on account 
of the extreme cold, and up to thestime.of. ourvarnivel ates 
Paul (July 9th, 1880) the customary summer sun had not yet 
begun. Between that date and July r4th, however, we saw 
schools of them around the vessel where she lay at anchor. 
According to Mr. Bowen they made their first appearance at 
St. Paul, May 7th, 1880. Capt. Bowen states that they are always 
found in the same places. Mr. McIntyre said that they were so 
scarce about St. Paul last winter that the natives could not catch 
enough of them for their own use. 
According to Capt. J. C. Caton, cod are present =e the 
Shumagin Islands all the time, but at some seasons they are 
very scarce. The best fishing is in February, commencing about 
the roth and lasting to March 1oth. Most of the vesselscoming 
up get their best fish and best fare in July. Sometimes they 
do well in May. The fleet come up late in April or early in 
May, and stay until the roth or rs5th of August. 
Mr. Thomas Devine, who manages the permanent fishing 
station on Popoff Island, Shumagins, also informed me that cod 
