32 FISH CULTURAL ASSOCIATION. 
are very light straw color and about as large as number 12 shot. 
He says that eggs and milt sometimes run from the fish after they 
are caught. Capt. J. C. Caton informed. me that cod 
spawn around the Shumagins in February on sandy bot- 
tom in shore, and that they will bite freely when spawning. 
Mr. D. C. Bowen says that at certain times spawning cod will 
lie perfectly still at the bottom and not take the hook. 
Mr. Thomas Devine tells me that the Shumagin cod spawn in 
rom ten to fifteen fathoms of water in January and February ; 
the size and color of the eggs are the same as in the Eastern cod. 
The wharf at the Pirate Cove fishing-station is sometimes cover- 
ed with spawn which has run from the fish after they were land- 
ed. He says that during the breeding season the males are long 
and slim and the females are short and deep. The smallest codfish 
he has recognized as such, were about six inches long, and they 
appeared ‘in May Vor® June, ? i The smialtest ones seen toy 
Capt. Bowen were, also, six inches long; they made their 
appearance about July, and were in company with old fish 
On the 6th of July, 1880, we seined many young cod in Refuge 
Cove, Port Chatham, Cook’s Inlet, where the water was less than 
a fathom in depth, and was largely diluted by fresh streams. 
At Belkoffsky, on the Peninsula of Aliaska, young cod about 
one and one-half inches long were dredged on the 23rd of July. 
On the following day, while laying on the west side Oleny Island, 
acod one and one-half inches long was found in the stomach of 
a large one. 
On the rst and 2nd of October we seined many young cod at the 
head of Chernoffsky Bay, Unalashka ; from the 6th to the 18th of 
the same month we saw them in great numbers swimming around 
the wharves at Iliuliuk, Unalashka, very active, and wonderfully 
greedy. We may, therefore, say that from May to October, at 
least, young cod are found in shallow water near the shore, and 
that about the middle of the latter month they have reached an 
average length of four or five inches. At Iliuliuk, whena jig ora 
baited hook was let down into the water it would beat once sur- 
rounded by a throng of nibbling fry, not at all frightened by the 
presence and antics of numerous small boys. These small fish 
frequently succeeded in fastening themselves on the hooks, and 
