34 FISH CULTURAL ASSOCIATION. 
a 
of sick cod at the wharf; sometimes you would take the cod 
long, thin and gaunt, andafter taking out the bone you might 
‘read the Bulletin through them.” 
PARASITES. 
Mr. Devine mentions, as external parasites found on Shumagin 
cod, “cuttle-fish, welks, worms and fish-lice.” The commonest 
external parasites observed by me were small lernzans. 
ENEMIES. 
Around Kodiak seals and sea-lions prey upon cod, frequently 
taking them from the line, according to Capt. Bowen. 
Mr. Devine tells me that sharks are very abundant about the 
Shumagins and very destructive to cod ; dogfish (Sgwalus acanthias) 
also prey upon cod, but they are not abundant. We caught com- 
paratively few dogfish during the summer—one at Port Althorp, 
one on Portlock Bank and many at Sitka. 
EPOCHS IN THE HISTORY OF FISH CULTURE: 
BY PROF. G. BROWN GOODE. 
(Prof. Goode remarked that the paper was tentative, and that 
he had no intention of treading on the toes of any one, but merely 
of arranging each important triumph of fish-culture in its order 
of sequence, and that he would be glad of corrections.) 
It has been my aim in the following paper to recount, in chro- 
nological order, the principal steps in the progress of fish culture 
in Europe and America. No originality of matter or of method 
is claimed. The work has been done for my own convenience, 
and that of others who may have felt the need, often felt by me, 
of a concise summary of the facts in the history of the artificial 
propagation of fish. This paper has been hastily prepared, and, 
perhaps, contains misstatements or omissions. Criticisms or 
corrections will be received gladly, especially if they relate to 
statements concerning priority of invention. Without further 
introduction, I will proceed to the consideration of the first and 
greatest epoch. 
