ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 81 
ture, and not at a certain time. Adult shad enter rivers ata 
temperature of between sixty and seventy degrees. On the St. 
John’s River, Fla., the height of the season is in December, yet 
observations at Jacksonville show that the shad do not enter the 
rivers until the temperature reaches seyenty degrees, and, what 
is an anomaly, they enter when the temperature is falling, while 
on all other rivers with which we are familiar they enter when 
it is rising. Shad do not run out of Chesapeake Bay on fifty de- 
grees, and let the temperature of Long Island Sound be fifty-five 
and the shad will probably remain there. I havea table of the 
temperatures at Old Point which gives the temperature of the 
bay on the land side between the gulf and the shore. I found 
the outside temperature below fifty. The Chesapeake is warmer, 
then, than the rivers. After warm rains come down the rivers 
they are warmer than the bay, between sixty and sixty-five, and 
the main run of shad begins and is between these figures. Tables 
show that fluctuations of catch and temperature are similar un- 
til the latter reaches eighty degrees, when the catch ceases. 
Food follows temperature, and fish follow food. 
The PREsIDENT.—How about the salmon? 
Cot. McDonatp.—There is little doubt but the salmon are af- 
fected by temperature. We have put out the California salmon 
all along our coast, and they have lived and gone to sea. May 
it not be that the temperature forbids their return? The Atlan- 
tic salmon, 5S. salar, enters rivers on a falling temperature, and 
the temperature of our rivers suits both the salmon and the shad, 
in their seasons, but our Atlantic streams are bringing down 
warm waters in July and August when the California salmon 
wish to ascend. On their own coast the short mountain streams 
are then cool from melting snows and they ascend. I know of 
but one exception to this state of affairs on the Atlantic coast. 
That is the Alabama River, which carries water colder than the 
bay into which it empties, and if we are to have the California 
salmon in any river of our Atlantic coast, that is the river. 
The PresipentT.—Such observations, founded as they are on 
