82 FISH—CULTURAL ASSOCIATION. 
the careful records of the United States Fish Commission, are 
of the greatest value. The migrations of salmon have been 
watched with interest in all countries which possess them. Mr. 
Atkins, in Maine, and Mr. Wilmot, in Canada, have attached 
tags to them in order to identify-them on their return. This 
has also been done in Scotland, with interesting results. 
Mr. Witmot.—I feel it a duty to except to Col. McDonald’s 
theory of the migration of salmon because the salmon is the 
highest migratory fish of the world, and by highest | mean the 
most intelligent. I have never heard this theory before, but it 
does not seem to be acorrect one. Shad do not breed in New 
Brunswick, and I have not had as much experience with them 
as With salmon, but believe that they are moved merely by in- 
stinct, while the salmon are intelligent, or at least have stronger 
instincts. There is much difference in the strength of instinct. 
The horse’ has a stronger instinct than the ass. I am not pre- 
pared to enter into any extended argument on this subject, but 
will call attention to the fact that Mr. Livingston Stone says 
that the temperature is lower in California than in the rivers 
of the East, at the time when the eggs are gathered. He kept 
a daily record of the temperature and found it lower than our 
Canada rivers, because of the melting snows in midsummer. I 
do not think the temperature has much to do with the .move- 
ments of salmon. 
Cot. McDonatp.—I don’t think that we disagree. If a salmon 
can choose between a temperature of sixty-five and seventy, no 
doubt it will do it and avoid the warmer one. 
Mr. Witmot.—Not if it is a native of it. 
Co.. McDonatp.—It is a well-known and established fact that 
the movements of cod are regulated by temperature. If you go 
on the coast of Maine when the water is at a low temperature, 
you will find no cod ; not because they are cosmopolitan in their 
habits and move from place to place by caprice, but because of 
the temperature. When cod are there, a fall in the thermometer 
