126 FISH-CULTURAL ASSOCIATION. 
one with a black stripe down its side and white corners to its 
caudal fin, appears to choose companionship with the sharks, 
while the oceanic species, Zcheneis remora, is most often found 
clinging to ships. 
A third species, Remoropsis brachyptera, is the particular para- 
site of the swordfish. I have several times identified it when 
found attached to the fish, and have never known it to be found 
on any other species. It has never come to us, moreover, from 
locality and season which would be inconsistent with a theory 
that it had been brought near shore by a swordfish. 
Still another, Rhombochirus osteochir, seems equally inseparable 
from Zetrapturus albidus. This fact is known to the Cuban fish- 
ermen, who call it by the name Pega de los agujas, the parasite 
of the spearfish. 
Perhaps the two species are not so fixed in their likings that 
they will change from X7phias to Tetrapturus. My friend; Pro- 
fessor Giglioli, of Florence, who speaks of &. brachyptera as a 
fish new to the Mediterranean, obtained from Taranto a speci- 
men said to have been taken from the gills (operculum ?) of 
Tetrapturus belone. 
These parasites probably prefer to cling with their curious 
suckers to the hard exterior surface of the opercular flap of the 
swordfish. 
THE LOCATION OF THE FISHING GROUNDS. 
In what has already been said regarding the dates of appear- 
ance and local movements of the swordfish in our waters may 
be found all the facts relating to the location of the fishing 
grounds, for the fishermen follow the swordfish wherever they 
appear to be most abundant. 
Early in the season the swordfish are most abundant west of 
Montauk Point, and later they spread over the shoal grounds 
along the coast, even as far north as the Nova Scotia Banks. 
They may be found wherever mackerel and menhaden are abun- 
dant, as may be inferred from the almost universal practice of 
carrying swordfish irons on board of mackerel vessels. 
I quote the statements of three or four correspondents who 
have taken the trouble to interview the fishermen of their re- 
spective localities. 
