THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 81 
water fishes in France was not worth more than $1,200,000 an- 
nually, which he was confident could be raised by artificial 
fecundation to $180,000,000._ Like many another inventor, Pro- 
fessor Coste was doomed to opposition and disappointment. 
M. Rimbaud, Secretary of the Fishery Board of Marseilles, rid- 
iculed what he called the unnatural water-culture. He said the 
machinery and labor for hatching and the artificial food would 
cost more than the fish would come to. He was not far from 
right. With plenty of money to work with, it was not difficult 
to build hatcheries, dig ponds, set up apparatus, and put in tur- 
bine wheels for pumping. The working of the establishment 
was more difficult. The spawn, collected at distant points and 
sometimes in a careless way, often failed to hatch. The fry, 
carefully placed in suitable pools, disappeared in a way consid- 
ered mysterious, until it was discovered that several large pick- 
erel had found their way into the pools. The eminent engineers 
of the fonts et chaussées contended in vain with the waters of the 
Rhine, which sometimes backed up and flooded the pools and 
tanks, and anon receded, leaving the turbine wheels high and 
dry. Years rolled on, and Professor Coste was still struggling 
to make fish plenty in France, when the Prussian armies crossed 
the Rhine and appropriated Huningue to the use of the German 
Empire. 
All these disappointed hopes had not been quite in vain. 
Many valuable experiments had been tried and precious infor- 
mation published, and, above all, it had been discovered that 
certain things could not be done. Meanwhile, knowledge of 
these discoveries had crossed the Atlantic, and in 1853, Dr. The- 
odatus Garlick hatched the artificiallv-impregnated eggs of trout. 
Three years later commissioners appointed by Massachusetts 
publisheda valuable report on the general subject of fish-culture, 
and attempted uusuccessfully to hatch trout. In the same. year 
an admirable report on fisheries was written by the eminent 
scholar, George P. Marsh, who had been appointed a commis- 
sioner by the State of New Hampshire. 
The true beginning of fish-culture, however, under the aus- 
pices of State governments, was in July, 1864, when New Hamp- 
shire and Vermont passed legislative resolves calling on Massa- 
