280 JOSEPH TEESTWICH; ¥.R.S., F.G.S., ON A POSSIBLE 



a breccia which is suggestive of a Rubble-drift. In Algeria* 

 Palseolithic flint implements have also been found in a few 

 places on the surface. 



Eastward of Tunis, the country has been described as 

 consisting of rolling hills of Cretaceous rocks in a sea of 

 Quaternary drift, which, from the account given of it, re- 

 sembles a Rubble-drift ; but Osseous Breccias and Fissures 

 seem absent. It would appear, therefore, that, just as on 

 the north shores of the Mediterranean, the evidence of sub- 

 mergence becomes less as we proceed from west to east 

 along the African coast. 



EoYPT.t It may in fact be a question whether the sub- 

 mergence extended in this direction beyond the Lybian 

 Desert. The escarped limestone hills and long lines of quarries 

 in Eg}^t show no Ossiferous Fissures, nor does there seem to 

 be any Rubble-drift overlying the fluviatile terraces of the 

 Nile, or underlying the river Allu\ium. Nevertheless there is 

 reason to believe that Palasolithic Man did exist there, for 

 ordinary Flint Implements of the same type as those of the 

 Thames and Somme Valleys have been found ; but they 

 were all on the surface, and none are from any deposit of 

 well-ascertained Quaternary age. It is possible that they 

 may have remained there, or in some fluviatile deposits since 

 Pala3olilhic Man inhabited the land. It may further be 

 noticed that several of the animals which disappeared with 

 the Rubble-drift in the more western districts, such as Lion, 

 Panther, Spotted Hycena, Hippopotamxis, African Elephant, 

 Cajljir Cat, survived in the Nile Valley to historic times. 



Conclusion. 



In concluding I would observe that all the phases of the 

 Rubble-drift have certain characters such as show a common 

 origin. Briefly, whether it be the Rubble or Head over the 

 Raised Beaches, the Osseous breccia on slopes, or the Ossiferous 

 Jissnres, the materials of all of them present a complete 

 absence of that wear which must result from river, sea, or 

 ice action ; in all cases they are of local origin, while all the 

 faunal remains in these, and in one division of the Loess, 

 are such as might have come from the wreck of a land 



* Sir Jfhii LuLbock, Jou7: Anthrop. Inst., vol. x, p. 316. 

 f Sir W. Dawson, Egijpt and S^ria ; L. Adams, op. cit. 



