228 MAJOR C. R. CONDER, R.E., D.C.L., LL.D., M.B.A.S., 
and has absorbed words from each vocabulary. The Anglo- 
Indian vocabulary absorbs Indian words, and the Kaffre 
language has contributed to the Boer vocabulary. In Syria, 
Greek was the official tongue for nearly a thousand years, 
yet the native language, though absorbing many Greek 
words, remained but little changed, when the Moslem 
conquest restored its predominance; and this tongue was 
always spoken side by side with Greek, throughout these 
thousand years, 
When we go back to the dawn of history we find the 
same. Hgyptianis full of foreign loan-words, so is Assyrian, 
so, too, are the early Aryan languages. The populations of 
Western Asia, from 2000 B.c., were much mingled, and 
intermarried, as we know from the history of Egyptian kings 
wedded to Babylonians and Hittites. It seems probable, 
therefore, that, even in very early times, it would have been 
difficult to point to a perfectly pure stock, and we are not 
astonished to find skulls of very various characters mingled 
together in prehistoric graveyards. If it be difficult in 
Eastern Europe to distinguish a type as that of the original 
speakers of Aryan dialects, it is not the less certain that 
Aryan and Mongol languages, from very early times, were 
spoken by the mingled ‘populations of this region, as they 
still continue to be spoken. In Egypt itself we find both 
the round-headed and the lone-headed man, as well as in 
Italy or Asia Minor. But on the complexity of such study 
of race it is not necessary to say more, since the publication 
of the cautious opinion of Professor Virchow in your 
“Transactions.” 
Taking, then, fully into account the difficulties so noticed, 
it still remains roughly the case that the speakers of Aryan 
and Semitic languages are long-headed, and those of Mongolic 
languages, round-headed. It is also remarkable that Aryan 
and Semitic speech has, in common, bisyllabic roots not 
found, as a rule, in Mongolic vocabularies. One would, 
therefore e, be inclined to think that the Mongolic races were 
the first to separate from the rest of the great stock; but. 
as we shall see in the sequel, the Semitic peoples were in 
contact with Egypt much more closely than with any other 
group, and remained so in contact to a much later period of 
civilised development. The relations of the various races, 
seem, in short, to reproduce exactly the relationship of the 
Aryan dialects. There is no genealogy which can derive 
one class of languages from ancther, but rather a shading 
